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Immunology MDSC321 > Antigens > Flashcards

Antigens Flashcards

1
Q

What does the innate immune system recognize?

A

PAMPS - pathogen associated molecular patterns

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2
Q

What does the adaptive immune system recognize?

A

Antigens

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3
Q

Define antigen

A

Any molecule that can interact specifically with the immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor of B-cells or the T-cell receptor complexed with MHC

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4
Q

Do all molecules induce immunity?

A

No

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5
Q

What is an immunogen?

A

A molecule that induces a specific immune response

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6
Q

Are all antigens immunogens?

A

No

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7
Q

Are all immunogens antigens?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Humoral Immunogens

A

(B cells)

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9
Q

Cell mediated Immunogens

A

T cells

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10
Q

Are proteins recognized directly?

A

No

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11
Q

How can we recognize proteins?

A

Peptides processed from the protein are seen in association w MHC molecules

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12
Q

What are the 4 properties of an immunogen?

A
  1. Foreignness
  2. Molecular size
  3. Chemical Heterogeneity
  4. Degradability
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13
Q

To serve as an immunogen, a molecule must be seen as “….”?

A

Non-self

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14
Q

What is the degree of immunogenicity dependent on?

A

The degree of foreignness

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15
Q

The greater phylogenic distance b/w species typically means what?

A

Greater the chance of immunogenicity

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16
Q

What are 2 exceptions to foreigness?

A
  1. Highly conserved molecules like collagen or cytochrom c may not be immunogenic even in distant species
  2. Some self molecules may sequester an immune response (sperm or lens tissue) in animal they came from
17
Q

Is there a correlation b/w size and immunogenicity?

A

Yes, there is a sweet spot

18
Q

What are the best immunogens in the range of?

A

100,000 Da

19
Q

Small molecules - what size? are generally poor immunogens

A

5-10,000

20
Q

Will size alone make a good immunogen?

A

No, the more complex the better

21
Q

Are sythentic homopolymers immunogenic?

A

No, they are boring we want complex

22
Q

How do we increase immunogenicity in terms of chemial heterogeneity?

A

Proteins w more complexity in primary structure and those showing secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

23
Q

What do we have to do to proteins in roder for them to be presented by MHC to activate Tcells?

A

Degrade proteins

24
Q

Why is an insoluble antigen better than a soluble?

A

Insoluble is more likely to be phagoctosed & processed

25
Q

Is a large or small antigen better?

A

Large - more processing, more epitopes

26
Q

Substances that are injected Ag serve to..

A

enhance the immunogenicity

27
Q

What 3 things do adjuvants do?

A
  1. Stimulate immune response
  2. Prolong Exposure to Ag
  3. Co-stimulatory signal
28
Q

Freund’s

A

Freund’s adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster)

29
Q

What is Freund’s adjuvant composed of?

A

is composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria

30
Q

What part of the adjuvant stimulates macrophage activity

A

Heat killed mycobacteria

31
Q

What two things bind and precipitate the Ag to keep it in the system longer and allow for slow release of Ag

A

Alum and Freunds adjuvant

32
Q

How long does the adjuvant increase the time of exposure of the Ag?

A

From a few days to a few weeks

33
Q

How does precipitation facilitate phagocytosis?

A

Increase the size

34
Q

When the cells are stimulated by the Ag they require a second co-stimulatory response, what up-regulates this?

A

Freund’s adjuvant, LPS

Immunology MDSC321 (27 decks)

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