Pathogen Recognition (Innate) Flashcards
What does the innate system recognize?
Targets
No specific pathogens
PAMPs
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
What are PAMPs detected by?
PRRs - Pattern recognition receptors
What are the 4 families of PRR?
TLRs
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors
Formylated peptide receptors (FPRs)
Retinoic-acid inducible gene-like (RLRs)
TLRs
Toll-like receptors
Gold standard
Recent discovery - nobel prize
Where were TLRs initially discovered?
Drosophiia - fruit flies
What is TOLL?
A protein that tells the top from the bottom in a fruit fly
Who studied TOLL?
Jules Hoffmann
What are flies subject to if they have dysfunctional TOLL?
Severe and fatal fungal infections
GNBP
Gram-negative binding protein
PGRP
Peptidoglycan recognition protein
The 7 steps of Drosophilia TOLL
- recognize gram-positive or fungi by GNBP and PGRP
- activates proteolytc cascade that cleaves a dimer of spatzle
- Cleaved spatzle binds 2 TOLL inducing a dimer
- Dimerized TOLL recruits 2 molecules of dMyD88, 2 Pelle, and 1 TRAF3
- TRAF3 binds Cactus Kinase
- Cactus kinase phsophorylates Cactus resulting in the release of the transcription factor DIF
- Translation and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides
What recognizes gram-positive cells walls or fungi in drosophila?
GNBP
PGRP
What does GNBP and PGRP activate?
Proteolytic cascade
Cleavage of dimer of spatzle
What does a cleaved spatzle bind?
A dimer of TOLL
What 3 things id TOLL able to recruit once dimerized?
2 dMyD88
2 Pelle
1 TRAF3
What does TRAF3 bind?
Binds Cactus kinase
What does the binding of Cactus kinase by TRAF3 do?
Phosphorylates cactus
What does the phosphorylation of Cactus result in?
The release of a transcription factor DIF
What is DIF? What does it produce/
A transcription factor that allows for the translation and synthesis of antimicrobial peptide
