Pathogen Recognition (Innate) Flashcards
What does the innate system recognize?
Targets
No specific pathogens
PAMPs
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
What are PAMPs detected by?
PRRs - Pattern recognition receptors
What are the 4 families of PRR?
TLRs
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors
Formylated peptide receptors (FPRs)
Retinoic-acid inducible gene-like (RLRs)
TLRs
Toll-like receptors
Gold standard
Recent discovery - nobel prize
Where were TLRs initially discovered?
Drosophiia - fruit flies
What is TOLL?
A protein that tells the top from the bottom in a fruit fly
Who studied TOLL?
Jules Hoffmann
What are flies subject to if they have dysfunctional TOLL?
Severe and fatal fungal infections
GNBP
Gram-negative binding protein
PGRP
Peptidoglycan recognition protein
The 7 steps of Drosophilia TOLL
- recognize gram-positive or fungi by GNBP and PGRP
- activates proteolytc cascade that cleaves a dimer of spatzle
- Cleaved spatzle binds 2 TOLL inducing a dimer
- Dimerized TOLL recruits 2 molecules of dMyD88, 2 Pelle, and 1 TRAF3
- TRAF3 binds Cactus Kinase
- Cactus kinase phsophorylates Cactus resulting in the release of the transcription factor DIF
- Translation and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides
What recognizes gram-positive cells walls or fungi in drosophila?
GNBP
PGRP
What does GNBP and PGRP activate?
Proteolytic cascade
Cleavage of dimer of spatzle
What does a cleaved spatzle bind?
A dimer of TOLL
