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Immunology MDSC321 > Pathogen Recognition 2 (Innate) > Flashcards

Pathogen Recognition 2 (Innate) Flashcards

1
Q

What did Charles Janeway demonstrate?

A

That cross-linking a mammal TLR induced the production of inflammatory molecules

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2
Q

What did Bruce Beutler identify?

A

TLR-4 as the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing molecule

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3
Q

How many mammalian TLRs?

A

13

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4
Q

TLRs recognize …. families

A

broad

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5
Q

Which TLRs are on the plasma membrane?

A

TLR-2/TLR-6 Diacyl lipopeptides
TLR-2/TLR-1 Triacyl lipopeptides
TLR-5 Flagellin
TLR-4 LPS

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6
Q

Which TLRs are on the endosome?

A

TLR-3 dsRNA
TLR-7 ssRNA
TLR-9 CpG DNA

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7
Q

What are mammalian TLRS dependent on?

A

Dimerization

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8
Q

Where do mammalian TLRs bind?

A

Directly to the PAMP

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9
Q

What is the signaling adapter molecule to all TLR except TLR-3?

A

myD88

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10
Q

What is the signaling adapter molecule for TLR-4,3

A

TRIF

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11
Q

What does the binding of PAMPs to TLRS induce?

A

Dimerization of TLR

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12
Q

What does the dimerization of TLRs do?

A

Brings the cytoplasmic tails of the TLR close together

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13
Q

What are the six steps of MyD88 signalling in TLRs?

A
  1. Binding of MyD88 and MAL to TLR allows for the binding of IRAK to MyD88
  2. IRAK binds TRAF)6 and TRICA1, these provide a scaffold for the activation of TAK1
  3. TAK1 phosphorylates IKK
  4. IKK phosphorylates IkB
  5. IkB is degraded releasing NFkB
  6. NRkB translocates to the nucleus and transcribes target genes
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14
Q

What are the 4 signalling steps of TRIF?

A
  1. TRIF to TLR3 or 4 allows for the binding of the kinases TBK1 and IkKe
  2. Kinases are phosphorylated = activation
  3. Activated kinases then phosphorylate IRF3
  4. IRF# translocates to the nucleus and transcribes target genes
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15
Q

If almost all TLRs use MyD88 - how do you get different immune responses? 3 reasons

A

Subcellular location of the molecules (where?)
Signal duration (how long? on off on off)
Additional signaling molecules (regulators)

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16
Q

What are NOD-like receptors (NLRs)? How are they grouped?

A

Cytoplasmic receptors

grouped based on their amino-terminal structural motifs

17
Q

What are the 2 families of NLRs?

A
  1. NOD family

2. NLRP

18
Q

NOD family

A

Has an n-terminal CARD (caspase recruitment domain)

19
Q

NLRP family

A

n-terminal Pyrin

20
Q

What happens to NLRs when they bind to cytoplasmic PAMP?

A

They oligomerize and come to recruit additional molecules

21
Q

Formylated peptide receptors (FPRs) follow a …?

A

Gradient

Extremely precise and sensitive

Immunology MDSC321 (27 decks)

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