Experimental Models

Question 1

What is required for experimental research?

Answer 1

models

Question 2

What do models allow us to do?

Answer 2

Ask specific questions, manipulate variables, and measure outcomes

Question 3

What did Julius Conheim use as an experimental model?

Physiological property he could exploit

Answer 3

He used the tongue of a frog? bc it was thin enough to see through. He didn’t have fancy tech

Question 4

What did much of early immunology use as models?

Answer 4

Humans

Question 5

What did early human studies take advantage of?

Answer 5

The class system. People at a disadvantage could not day no

Question 6

Give examples of humans exploited for models?

Answer 6

Servants, prisoners, poor

Question 7

What are the two types of cells you can use in a cell culture?

Answer 7

Immortal or fresh

Question 8

What are immortal cell lines?

Answer 8

Cells that never stop dividing.

Often cancerous

Question 9

Give examples of fresh cells

Answer 9

Blood sample, umbilical cord, tissue

Question 10

What can you test with cell cultures?

Answer 10

Basic cellular responses

Interaction b/w cells

Question 11

How do you get cells to grow into 3D structures?

Answer 11

Roller tubes, magnets, or sponge-like gel matrix

Grows mini-organs

Question 12

What can you study w/ 3D cell cultures?

Answer 12

Tissue invasion

Angiogenesis (formation of blood vessels)

Question 13

What are the advantages of cell culture? 5

Answer 13

• No ethics or simple ethics with fresh
• Simple system
• Lots of reagents (cause a chemical rxn)
• Easy to image
• High throughput

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of cell culture?

Answer 14

No adaptive immunity (only innate)
No tissue microenvironment
Can’t study beyond the cellular level