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Immunology MDSC321 > Vaccine 1 > Flashcards

Vaccine 1 Flashcards

1
Q

12th century - 2 methods that conferred immunity to smallpox

A

Chinese - inhaled ground crusts from smallpox pustulates

Turkish - inserted crusts from smallpox pustulates into small cuts in the skin

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2
Q

Edward Jenner

A

“Refined” immunization

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3
Q

What did Jenner discover?

A

That ppl working in farms were protected against smallpox

cow pox -> smallpox

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4
Q

What did Jenner name?

A

Vaccine

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5
Q

Latin - vacca

A

cow

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6
Q

What did Jenner call the process of getting a vaccine?

A

Vaccination

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7
Q

When did Jenner publish his findings?

A

1798

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8
Q

Within a decade, who was using Jenner’s vaccine?

A

People around the world

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9
Q

Pasteur is the father of?

A

“modern” vaccines

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10
Q

What 3 things did Pasteur discover?

A
  1. Attenuated Cholera bacteria conferred protection in chickens
  2. Tested anthrax vaccine on sheep
  3. Developed a vaccine for dogs
    Treated Joseph Meister with rabies vaccine
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11
Q

What are the 4 general silos of immunity?

A
  1. Natural passive immunity (milk)
  2. Induced passive immunity (artificial) (anti-venom/convalescent antibodies)
  3. Natural active immunity (induced) (infection)
  4. Induced active immunity (vaccination)
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12
Q

What are convalescent antibodies?

A

Antibodies taken from an indv who got sick and recovered

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13
Q

Immunoglobulins vs. antibodies

A

Immunoglobulins are attached to the b-cell membrane while antibodies float in the circulation

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14
Q

How is passive immunity achieved?

A

Preformed immunoglobulins from previously infected or immunized individuals

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15
Q

Passive immunity
1 positive
2 negatives

A

Provides immediate protection

Dissipates after a few weeks to months
Does NOT generate memory

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16
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

Occurs naturally with a transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus through the placental circulation and breast milk

17
Q

How long are infants protected with natural passive immunity?

A

6 months

18
Q

Induced passive immunity

A

Non-specific antibody (immunoglobulin)

Contains a mixture of antibodies reflecting the previous exposures of the plasma donors to various agents

19
Q

What is induced passive immunity used for?

A

For the prevention or attenuation of illnesses for which there is no specific immunoglobulin preparation

20
Q

What is an example of natural passive immunity?

A

Milk

21
Q

What is an example of induced (artificial) passive immunity?

A

Anti-venom

Convalescent

Immunology MDSC321 (27 decks)

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