U.S. History Exam 2 - FLASHCARDS - 2_14 Lecture 1
What were the Progressives?
wished to check big business. Reformers from both parties. Those with ability should fight corruption. Focused on urban problems
How did economic output change from 1900 to 1910?
Output increased by 85 percent and farm prices grew by 50 percent. Most people were better off
How many cities did the US have with populations of over 100 thousand?
50 cities
What was New York’s population by 1910?
4.7 million people
What were the Muckrakers?
Writers who made it a practice to expose the wrongdoings of public figures and corporations in business and politics between 1903 and 1909
Who were some Muckrakers?
Samuel Adams, Ida Tarwell, Upton Sinclair
What did Samuel Adams write in 1906?
The Great American Fraud
Who wrote about Standard Oil abuses?
Ida Tarbell
Who was Upton Sinclair?
Writer who drew attention to the bad conditions in meatpacking industry and how it was not only bad for workers but for consumers
What did Upton Sinclair publish in 1906?
The Jungle
What was Upton Sinclair worried about?
working conditions of workers. And meat packing conditions
What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?
1906: government regulates some food and medicine industries to hold them to higher standards of quality; people had become upset about tainted milk that was killing some kids
What was the Meat Inspection Act?
law passed that said government inspectors would be inspecting factory meat to make sure it’s safe to eat
How many automobiles were there in 1895?
4 automobiles
How many automobiles were there by 1917?
5 million
When was Ford Motor Company founded?
1903 by Henry Ford
When was the assembly line established?
In 1913 by Henry Ford
What was important about the assembly line?
It allowed for goods to be mass produced much more quickly than before
What is an oligopoly?
State of limited competition in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.
What were some oligopolies?
Standard Oil, Consolidated Tobacco, and US Rubber
What was an example of oligopoly in action?
By 1907, 1 percent of industrial firms produced 1/2 of all manufactured goods
What was the Triangle Shirtwaist company?
Located in NYC. Employed mostly young immigrant women. Terrible safety conditions and starvation wages. Women worked 12 hours a day every day of the week. 4 elevators, but only 1 worked and only 1 stairwell. 80 thousand protested for better conditions
What was the Triangle Fire?
Broke out on the 8th floor. Women jumped from windows and down the elevator shaft because it could only hold 12 people. Lasted only 18 minutes. 39 women jumped down the elevator shaft. 58 women jumped out of windows to their death
What was a consequence of the Triangle Fire?
people start demanding better work conditions, a week after the fire 80,000 people protested in New York
How did immigration change from 1901 to 1910?
8.8 million new immigrants into the country. From 1911 to 1920, another 5.7 million arrive
By 1900, how many women were working outside the home?
5 million women. One fifth of women
How did the birth rate and divorce change from 1900 to 1920?
lower birth rates and higher number of divorces
By 1916, how many marriages ended in divorce
One out of every nine marriages ended in divorce
How many children still worked by 1900?
3 million children still worked
In 1900, where did most African Americans live?
8 out of 10 lived in rural areas, mainly in the South and most were poor sharecroppers.
How many black people were lynched between 1900-1914?
1,000
What was the Niagara Movement?
Led by Web Du Bois. Pushed for freedom of speech. All rights for African Americans the same as other US citizens.
When was the NAACP formed?
1909
What is the NAACP?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, first major civil rights organization
What led to the creation of the NAACP?
Jim Crow laws, lynching, etc. 5,000 whites rioted in Springfield, Illinois in 1908 went to the jails looking for two black men accused of attacking white woman, when the sheriff won’t let them have the guys they go into black neighborhoods and attack random black people, killing at least 7, injuring dozens and burning buildings
How many new immigrants entered the country from 1900 to 1920?
14.5 million immigrants. More than ever before
What were Birds of Passage?
Italian immigrants who came to the US to work, but weren’t intending to stay
When did Mexican immigration take off?
After 1900.
How much of the Mexican population moved to the Southwest after 1900?
10 percent of the Mexican population
How did the Mexican immigrants help with the Southwest?
construction of highways and agriculture
When was the Chinese Exclusion Act renewed indefinitely through World War 2?
in 1902
