U.S. History Exam 1 - FLASHCARDS - 1_24 Lecture 3

Question 1

What was the Homestead Steel Strike of 1892?

Answer 1

Strike at Carnegie Steel. Factory foreman Henry Frick reduced his workers’ pay 20 percent, which caused them to go on strike.

Question 2

How did Carnegie respond to the Homestead Strike?

Answer 2

He hired 300 Pinkerton agents as strikebreakers, who wouldn’t be sympathetic to the strikers, like the police had before

Question 3

What was the Pullman Strike of 1894?

Answer 3

Workers were upset with wage reductions after the Panic of 1893.

Question 4

Who did the Pullman workers join with?

Answer 4

The American Railroad Union

Question 5

Why were the Pullman workers so angry?

Answer 5

Pullman owned the whole town the workers lived in, including all housing, hotels, church, banks, etc. He lowered wages but he didn’t lower rent so workers were squeezed between high rent and low wages.

Question 6

Who was George Pullman?

Answer 6

Invented the sleeping car. By 1867, formed his Pullman palace car company

Question 7

Who was Eugene Debs?

Answer 7

President of the American Railroad Union

Question 8

What did the Pullman Company own?

Answer 8

Banks, hotels, and churches

Question 9

What did George Pullman oppose?

Answer 9

Rough urban neiborhoods, saloons, and dance halls

Question 10

What type of system did Pullman want?

Answer 10

A paternalistic system. Someone acts as the matriarch/patriarch whom employees must trust, obey and be loyal to.

Question 11

Why was Eugene Debs arrested?

Answer 11

There was an injunction to break the strike on the grounds that it interfered with distributing US mail. Debs was arrested for violating the injunction since he was a union leader.

Question 12

Who founded the socialist party of America?

Answer 12

Eugene Debs

Question 13

What was the crop-lien system?

Answer 13

Merchants provided goods to borrow for a share of the crop.

Question 14

What was the south’s economy like soon after the Civil War?

Answer 14

Largely agricultural

Question 15

What was the average income of white southerners in 1900?

Answer 15

1/2 of those living outside of the south

Question 16

By 1900, how many farmers owned the land they worked?

Answer 16

30 percent. 70 percent of farmers didn’t own the land they worked

Question 17

What was Negrophobia?

Answer 17

Increased resentment of African American financial success and political influence

Question 18

What was the Mississippi Plan of 1875?

Answer 18

Series of constitutional amendmants to keep African Americans from voting. They had to live in the same election district, couldn’t vote if convicted of a crime, poll taxes, and had to take a literacy test. Nine other states made variations of this plan

Question 19

What was Louisiana’s Grandfather Clause?

Answer 19

If your grandfather could vote prior to January 1867, you automatically had the right to vote. This automatically ruled out most black people since before 1867 the majority of them had been either enslaved or couldn’t vote even if there were free (15th amendment not passed until 1870). Applied to whites.

Question 20

How had the number of black votes changed by 1900?

Answer 20

Black votes across the south had fallen by 62 percent

Question 21

What was the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?

Answer 21

Supreme Court ruled the 14th amendment did not prevent individuals or organizations from racially discriminating

Question 22

What was Cumming Vs Richmond Co. Board of Education?

Answer 22

Supreme Court sanctioned racial segregation in schools

Question 23

What was the Plessy Vs Ferguson ruling of 1896?

Answer 23

Ruled that it wasn’t a violation of the 14th amendment to have separate but equal facilities. Upheld racial segregation on trains, buses, and public places

Question 24

What were Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 24

Laws enforcing racial segregation beginning in the 1890s. Those who fought back were lynched. From 1890 to 1899, 188 a year were lynched

Question 25

Who was Sam Hose?

Answer 25

Man who was murdered in Newman, Georgia in 1899

Question 26

What was the Tuskegee Institute of Alabama?

Answer 26

A black school devoted to training teachers trying to educate the African American community. Ran by Booker T Washington

Question 27

What became the hub for black community?

Answer 27

Churches

Question 28

What was the Atlanta Compromise speech of 1895?

Answer 28

Speech given by Booker T Washington, that said that blacks should obtain social responsibility and need to work from the bottom to top to achieve self improvement, not through agitation. It was given to persuade the citizens to end the idea of segregation and promote cooperation

Question 29

Who was Booker T Washington?

Answer 29

Believed hard work was necessary to climb social ladder, which led to civil rights

Question 30

Who was WEB Du Bois?

Answer 30

Rejected Booker T Washington’s approach. Wanted to asses the lives of urban blacks in the city of Philadelphia. Published the Philadelphia Negro in 1898

Question 31

What two works did Du Bois publish?

Answer 31

Philadelphia Negro and Souls of Black Folk

Question 32

What did The Souls of Black Folk argue?

Answer 32

African Americans should fight for civil rights, demand for equal rights and schools

Question 33

What was Manifest Destiny?

Answer 33

God given right to expand westward across the continent and tame the western landscape to the Pacific

Question 34

Who coined the term Manifest Destiny?

Answer 34

John Louis O’Sullivan in 1845