U.S. History Exam 1 - FLASHCARDS - Big Businesses and Organized Labor Lecture 1

Question 1

When did the economy grow at its fastest rate in history?

Answer 1

From the 1870s to the 1880s.

Question 2

By 1900, what dominated global markets?

Answer 2

American industries dominated global markets in thing like textiles, steel, cotton, oil, wheat, and timber. The United States market dominated other countries. This was called the second industrial revolution

Question 3

By 1900, what other countries did the United State’s manufacturing output dominate?

Answer 3

United States manufacturing output was larger than Britain, France, and Germany’s combined

Question 4

What were some reasons for the United States market growth?

Answer 4

Natural resources, labor supply, large markets, and increased capital.

Question 5

When did industrial production rise by 4 percent annually?

Answer 5

From 1870 to 1910

Question 6

What were major developments of the second industrial revolution?

Answer 6

1. modern transportation such as automobiles and trolley lines, and better communication, such as railroads, steamships and telegraph cables. 2. invention of electricity increased the efficiency and power of machinery. 3. scientific research

Question 7

What was modern transportation and communication?

Answer 7

railroads, steamships, telegraph

Question 8

How many patents were issued by the U.S. Patent Office in 1890?

Answer 8

almost 250,000 patents

Question 9

Who was Samual Morse?

Answer 9

Invented the telegraph and Morse code

Question 10

Who was allowed to send the first message on the telegraph?

Answer 10

Annie Ellsworth. She chose a passage from the Bible

Question 11

Who patented the telephone in 1876?

Answer 11

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 12

What did Graham Bell form in 1877?

Answer 12

Bell Telephone Company

Question 13

Who established AT&T in 1885?

Answer 13

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 14

How many telephones were in use by 1900?

Answer 14

800 thousand

Question 15

What were some of Thomas Edison’s early inventions?

Answer 15

The stock ticker and electric vote recorder

Question 16

Where was Thomas Edison born?

Answer 16

In Ohio in 1847

Question 17

Who invented the phonograph?

Answer 17

Thomas Edison in 1877

Question 18

What was the importance of the phonograph?

Answer 18

You could record and play music

Question 19

What was the first song ever recorded on the phonograph?

Answer 19

Mary had a little lamb

Question 20

When did Edison build his industrial lab in New Jersey?

Answer 20

1887

Question 21

What was the Edison Electric company?

Answer 21

Built by Thomas Edison in 1879. Eventually renamed General Electric

Question 22

How many patents were granted to Edison?

Answer 22

Over 1000 patents in the United States

Question 23

Where did Edison present his phonograph?

Answer 23

To the National Academy of Scientists with Ruthorford B Hayes and other congressmen

Question 24

Who built the kinetiscope in 1891?

Answer 24

Thomas Edison

Question 25

What did the government give to railroad companies from 1850 to 1871 after the Civil War?

Answer 25

131 million acres of land. 90 percent of this construction took place west of the Mississippi River

Question 26

How many miles of railroad track were built by 1897?

Answer 26

193 thousand miles of track

Question 27

When was the transcontinental railroad completed?

Answer 27

1869 in Utah

Question 28

What was the pacific railway act?

Answer 28

Congress wanted a transcontinental railroad that would connect the east to the west

Question 29

What was the transcontinental railroad?

Answer 29

First continuous railroad across the United States. Connected the east and the west coasts. This made the economic export of Western resources to Eastern markets easier than ever before. The railroad also facilitated westward expansion, escalating conflicts between Native American tribes and settlers who now had easier access to new territories.

Question 30

What was the fourth largest industry in the United States after the Civil War?

Answer 30

Steel, after lumber, flour, and textiles

Question 31

Who helped with commercial production of steel?

Answer 31

Henry Bessemer, with the Bessemer converter. Produced one ton of steel every minute

Question 32

By 1900, how many tons of steel were being produced?

Answer 32

11.2 million

Question 33

How much was pre-Bessemer steel cost?

Answer 33

300 dollars a ton