HIST Exam 3 - FLASHCARDS - 3_28 Lecture 5 done
What was the Marshall Plan?
General George Marshall planned to rebuild Europe with 13.3 billion dollars in financial and material aid. Soviets rejected aid
What was NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Intergovernmental military alliance between USA, Canada and 10 western European nations. If you attack one of us, you attack all of us
When was NATO formed?
1949
What was the Berlin Blockade?
Response to the change in German currency. Stalin blocked road, rail and canal sectors of Berlin under western control
When did Germany adopt the Deutschmark currency?
1948
What was the Berlin Airlift?
3 parts. 277,246 flights of aid, sending food to Berlin people trapped by Soviets
How many states have emerged in Germany in 1949?
2 states. Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic
What was the presidential election of 1948?
Harry Truman ran against Thomas Dewey and won. Certain that Truman would not be reelected.
When was the Cold War global?
1953
What was the National Security Act?
Department of Def unified armed forces. Air Force, Navy, and ______ popular. Created CIA and NSC
When did the Soviets explode their first atomic bomb?
1950
What was National Security Council 68?
Called for permanent military buildup of the United States to persue against communism
What was agreed at the Yalta Conference?
The Soviet Union could regain supplies lost in fighting against Japanese
Who was General Douglas McArthur?
Helped oversee Japanese transition to democracy
Who led the Chinese Civil War in 1949?
Mao Zedong
What was the Korean War?
Korean divided into Soviet and Allied zones (communist in north and anti-communist in south)
When did the Korean War start?
In 1950 when North invades South
When does China enter the Korean War?
When General MacArthur launched counterattack at Chinese border
What was the 1953 armistice between North and South Korea?
Temporarily ended conflict. 33 thousand US deaths, 1 million Korean deaths, and 2 million civilians
What was the Employment Act of 1946?
Authorized the President and the Federal Government to spend federal dollars to promote the maximum amount of employment, production and purchasing power possible.
What was the GI Bill of Rights?
Provided opportunities for military veterans and their families: paid for college and provided low-cost home loans so helped build the postwar middle class
What was the Fair Deal?
Truman talks about the need for national health insurance, continue new deal benefits, civil rights, increase federal aid for education, and to expand the Tennessee valley authority to continue to try to electrify the south of the country
What were the Dixiecrats?
Democrats who oppose civil rights, mostly in the South
What was the 22nd Amendment?
Restricted presidents to only 2 terms in office (comes bc FDR had been elected to four terms)
What was the House Un-American Activities Committee?
- House committee to try to identify any communists in government and media; investigated people during second red scare; investigated Hollywood and ten directors/writers refused to testify and were jailed for a year; Hollywood Ten were seen as heroes by a lot of people
What was the second red scare?
started after WW2, fear of communism in Soviet Union which gets nuclear weapons in 1950 and China going communist in 1949; Truman sets up loyalty review of government employees in 1947; HUAC formed 1947; McCarthy holds hearings claiming there are communists in State Dept and gets reprimanded in 1954
Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy?
Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed 205 members of State Dept were communist sympathizers. Made a big name for himself, tried to make Democrats look weak on communism; investigations found nothing; then accused the military of having communists and got reprimanded by Senate
