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S22 History 106 > History 106 Final - FLASHCARDS - Final clues deck 51-100 > Flashcards

History 106 Final - FLASHCARDS - Final clues deck 51-100

1
Q

What was SDS?

A

in 1960, students Tom Haywire and Alan Haber formed Students for a Democratic Society. Their goal was to make the nation a more democratic society. The working class was the group to lead change

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2
Q

What was the Counterculture Movement?

A

People would flee the country so they didn’t get drafted. Hippies rejected pursuit of wealth and careers. Composed of middle class whites who wanted to break free of middle class. Peace, love, and harmony was their motto. Make love, not war.

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3
Q

What were the hippies?

A

enjoyed rock music, mystical religions, drugs, casual sex, different forms of dress, and communal living

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4
Q

Who coined the word Hipster?

A

Harry Gibson in 1940 in his song, Harry the Hipster

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5
Q

When did the hippie movement fall?

A

1970s. Crime and drug levels rose

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6
Q

What replaced the hippies?

A

Yuppies: Young Urban Professionals

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7
Q

Who was Betty Friedan?

A

published “The Feminine Mystique”, which argued for equal rights and for the end to the cult of domesticity. One of the main feminist leaders

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8
Q

What was the N.O.W?

A

National Organization for Women. Created in 1966 by Betty Friedan. Major feminist organization.

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9
Q

What was Roe vs Wade?

A

Ruled states were prohibited from ruling any laws preventing abortions

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10
Q

What did the court rule in Roe vs Wade?

A

Ruled abortion was a basic right under right to privacy. Set up trimester system where abortion has no limits in first trimester, states can choose to regulate after the first trimester

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11
Q

What was Nixon’s 3 part plan?

A

Vietnamisation (Nixon’s process of getting out of Vietnam). 1st: gradual reduction of troops. 2nd: hardline peace talks. 3rd: intense aerial bombardment

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12
Q

What happened at Kent State University and what was the response?

A

Students protested the Vietnam War. 4 killed and 11 wounded when National Guard was called in. People were horrified

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13
Q

What was the Paris Peace Accords?

A

Nixon’s truce with Vietnam in 1973. Vietnamese agreed to release all prisoners of war. Nixon agreed to withdrawal all troops within 60 days

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14
Q

What was the Watergate Break in?

A
  1. Former employees of CREEP (Committee to Re-Elect the President) caught breaking into DNC headquarters at Watergate complex. Nixon denied knowledge but tried to cover it up. Provided $400,000 to families of burglars to keep quiet. One burglar, James McCord finally confessed
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15
Q

What was the Watergate Scandal?

A

The break-in at Democratic quarters where some papers were stolen. Nixon denied knowledge but covered it up and fired people including two attorney-generals who were investigating it. The cover-up is what got him into trouble. Nixon kept secret recordings of his Oval Office meetings. Refused o hand them over. Approval rating fell to 17%. In 1974, Nixon released heavily edited recordings.

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16
Q

What was U.S. vs Richard M. Nixon of 1974?

A

Supreme Court case. Nixon was arguing he didn’t have to turn over recordings because he had presidential immunity. Court ruled that he didn’t. Nixon must surrender all of the recordings

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17
Q

Who uncovered the Watergate scandal?

A

two reporters at the Washington Post, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. They had a confidential informant, Deep Throat, who gave them information. Their reporting brought down the president and they won a Pulitzer Prize

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18
Q

Was Nixon impeached?

A

No. He resigned before he could be impeached. Only president to resign from office

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19
Q

What was the 1973 Oil Crisis?

A

End of America’s golden age of capitalism. Egypt and Syria declare war on Israel (Yom Kippur War). U.S. provided aid to Israel, angering Middle Eastern states, so OPEC wouldn’t sell oil to the US, driving up the cost and creating shortages.

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20
Q

What was OPEC?

A

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Group of 13 oil-producing countries, set the price of oil together. Cuts off oil shipments to the United States for several months. Oil costs in the United States quadrupled

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21
Q

What was stagflation?

A

The economy wasn’t growing, but inflation was

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22
Q

What was the result of Ford pardoning Nixon?

A

His approval rate fell drastically in a day. Costs him the 1976 election

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23
Q

Why did Ford pardon Nixon?

A

He thought the impeachment had been so divisive that the country needed to put it behind them

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24
Q

What did Gerald Ford believe about the federal government?

A

Believed federal government had too much power. Vetoed 39 bills in the first 15 months

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25
What was the 1976 election?
Jimmy Carter vs Gerald Ford. Jimmy Carter had been governor of Georgia and after Watergate the country gave the other party a chance
26
What did Jimmy Carter give Vietnam War deserters?
amnesty: would not put them in jail
27
What did Jimmy Carter give for environmental causes?
1.6 billion to clean up toxic chemical waste sites
28
What was the Camp David Accords?
Carter brought leaders of Egypt and Israel together to sign the Camp David Accords. Peace agreement between Israeli and Egyptian governments. Met at Camp David. Israelis promised to withdrawal troops. Egypt promised Israel access to Suez canal. Egypt first middle eastern country to recognize Israel as a country
29
What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis of 1979?
Carter allowed deposed Shah into USA for cancer treatment triggering hostage crisis. 52 American hostages were captured at the Amerian embassy in Tehran and held for 444 days
30
What did Carter call Reagan?
A war monger
31
What was the election of 1980?
Reagan won 44 states to Carter’s 6
32
Who conducted the largest military buildup in US history?
Ronald Reagan
33
What was the Strategic Defense Initiative?
Star Wars missile system
34
What was the Iran Contra Affair?
Reagan wanted to intevene to support Contras in Nicaragua because they were fighting the Sandanistas who he thought would be Communist. He authorized the sale of weapons to Iran (who had taken American hostages just a couple of years before!) and some of the payment went to the Contras. Big scandal when it was uncovered but Reagan denied involvement, said he didn't remember anything
35
What was the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty of 1989?
Both the U.S. and Soviet Union agreed to destroy intermediate range missiles
36
What was the Soviet Joint Venture Law of 1987?
Allowed foreign investment in Soviet owned corporations
37
What was the Law of Cooperatives in Soviet Union?
Allowed for private ownership of businesses
38
What was Gorbachev trying to do with the Joint Venture Law and Law of Cooperatives?
open the Soviet Union up more so it wasn't so isolated from the rest of the world, which was hurting it economically
39
What is perestroika?
reforming economic and political systems
40
What is glasnost?
more open government and more access to information. Gorbachev was more moderate than his predecessors Brezhnev and Andropov and wanted to engage the USSR with the world more
41
What was the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?
Protect the rights of people with disabilities; Democratic proposal that Bush supported
42
What happened during Bush’s first term?
Communism fell and Germany reunified as a nation; end of Cold War; Bush had been CIA chief before and expert on foreign policy so he managed end of Cold War well
43
What was the first Gulf War?
Iraq invaded Kuwait, a smaller country that was a US ally and which produced a lot of oil. US defended Kuwait and quickly pushed Iraq out. War was just a few months old, Bush's approval rating was like 90% but that didn't last
44
What was Operation Desert Shield?
U.S. defended Saudi Arabian oil fields
45
What was Operation Desert Storm?
Offensive war by international coalition against Iraqi aggression in Kuwait. Consisted of 30 nations. 100,000 Iraqi casualties, but under 20 American casualties
46
What was the population in 2015?
322 million people. Over 80% of Americans lived in cities
47
What was America’s largest minority group?
Hispanics
48
What was the fastest growing group?
Multiracial at 3%
49
Where did Hispanics live in 1980?
California, Arizona, New Mexico,
50
How did electorate change between 1980 and 2012?
Whites were 86% of electorate in 1980 and only 72% of electorate in 2012
51
What percentage of the public was foreign-born in 2015?
45 million, or about 13% of the population (which is a lot!)
52
What did Bill Clinton finalize?
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
53
What was NAFTA?
Got rid of trade tariffs between US, Mexico and Canada; a lot of companies began sending factories to Mexico. Goods were cheaper but a lot of American workers lost jobs as those jobs went overseas; major moment in globalization.
54
What did Clinton want?
A national health insurance program called the Health Security Act, which failed
55
What was the result of the 1994 midterms?
The republicans won
56
Who was the first republican speaker of the house in 42 years?
Newt Gingrich
57
Who was Newt Gingrich?
Republican from Georgia, Speaker of the House, promised a Contract with America, which called for the end of "corrupt liberal welfare state"
58
What was the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996?
Act passed to try to lower the number of welfare payments. Tried to encourage 2 parent households; put requirements on people receiving welfare (had to prove they were working for jobs/going to school) and limited the time you could be on welfare
59
When was Jean Bertrand Aristide overthrown?
1991. Clinton in 1994, called for US intention to return Aristide to power.
60
What was Clinton's policy towards Haiti?
Clinton worked with the UN to get agreement to use military troops, but they waited to see if Jimmy Carter could negotiate a peaceful return of Aristide to power
61
What major conflict happened in the Balkans in the 90s?
Bosnia started attacking the Muslims who lived there. Had large Muslim population because they had been part of the Ottoman Empire so Muslims had been there for hundreds of years. The murder of Muslims just for being Muslim led Clinton to get involved and send humanitarian aid as well as get NATO to intervene
62
What was one of the closest elections in history?
Election of 2000
63
What was the election of 2000?
George W Bush vs Al Gore. Florida’s 25 electoral college votes would decide election. Came down to just a few hundred votes and Supreme Court had to decide election.
64
What did George Bush want?
Limited federal government, compassionate conservatism
65
Why was the 2000 election controversial?
Bush won at the Supreme Court; he won electoral college but not popular vote
66
What was Al Qaeda?
terrorist group led by Osama Bin Laden. Started the war on terror with its attack on US on 9/11
67
When was the Taliban overthrown?
October 2001. United States launched Operation Enduring Freedom, which overthrew Taliban in Afghanistan
68
What was the Patriot Act?
Allowed for domestic spying without a warrant, became very controversial because of abuse of civil liberties under guise of fighting terrorism
69
What did Dick Chaney suggest Bush do about the War on Terror?
Use torture against the terrorists in Al Qaeda
70
What was the Bush Doctrine?
Defend freedom abroad and be prepared to use preemptive force
71
What was Bush’s Axis of Evil speech?
Bush accused countries of Iran, Iraq, and North Korea of having weapons of mass destruction. Said this at 2002 State of the Union. None of the 9/11 attackers were from those countries.
72
What was Operation Iraqi Freedom?
250 thousand American soldiers backed by 50 thousand British troops and smaller forces from other nations defeated Saddam Hussein in six weeks
73
When was the Iraq leader Saddam Hussein captured?
Captured in 2003 and hanged for crimes three years later
74
What was the 2004 presidential election?
Bush vs John Kerry. 62 million votes for Bush and 59 million for Kerry. Largest turnout in history
75
How did the FEMA response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 affect the Republicans?
Hurt Bush and Republicans. 1000 dead and millions homeless. Bush was on vacation during the hurricane. Hurt republicans in the midterm elections of 2006
76
What was FEMA?
Federal Emergency Managment Agency
77
What was the 2008 recession?
In 2007, Trillions of dollars in home values lost. Banks lost billions. Food and gas prices increased drastically.
78
How did Bush try to resolve the recession?
Bush signed the Trouble Asset Release Program, in which government called for 700 billion dollar bailout. 9 million Americans were out of work
79
What was the 2008 presidential election?
Barack Obama vs John McCain.
80
What speech did Obama give in 2004?
Keynote Address at Democratic National Convention. He was a first-term senator who had a message of unity that was very appealing and it was clear he would be a big star in the Democratic party
81
What was the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009?
832 billion dollars in economic stimulus. Major bailouts to auto industries and banks, which angered a lot of people.
82
What was the Affordable Care Act of 2009?
Required everyone to have health insurance, insurance companies couldn't reject you based on preexisting conditions, no maximums, expanded Medicaid. Called Obamacare. Signed into law in 2010. Obama's biggest domestic success, expands healthcare to millions of people
83
What did the Supreme Court do about Obamacare?
Supreme Court ruled that the Affordable Care Act was constitutional because they ruled it was a tax which is constitutional
84
When was Osama Bin Laden killed?
Killed by U.S. seal team in Pakistan in 2011ish
85
What was the Tea Party?
Emerged in opposition to Obama’s presidency. Mostly middle class whites. Anti immigrant
86
Who was the first president to support gay marriage?
Obama
87
What was the Dream Act of 2012?
Said that immigrants brought into the U.S. as children, could become citizens if they were in school or the military and had not been in trouble with the law. It was a way to track those people and to offer citizenship to people everyone saw as "innocent" because even if their parents had broken the law by coming illegally, the children had not.
88
What was the election of 2012?
Barack Obama against Mitt Romney
89
Why was Obama frustrated in his second term?
He felt like Republicans were blocking everything he tried to do, so he relied a lot on executive orders. When a Supreme Court justice (Scalia) died with almost a year left in Obama's presidency, the Republican Senate refused to have hearings for Obama's nominee and held that seat open for an entire year until the election
90
What was U.S. vs Windsor of 2013?
Overturned Defense of Marriage Act, which had denied federal benefits for gay couples
91
What was Obergfell vs Hodges?
2014 ruling that legalized same-sex marriage, White House was lit up in rainbow colors after the ruling
92
What effect did wealth inequality have on Americans in the Obama years?
people started to feel the country didn't offer a chance to succeed, 1% of people controlled 20% of the wealth, in 2011 the Occupy Wall Street movement objected to economic system, a lot of people were mad that banks got bailed out but individuals did not in 2008/2009

S22 History 106 (33 decks)

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