HIST Exam 3 - FLASHCARDS - 3_21 Lecture 2 done
What did the poll of 1941 show?
80% of Americans wanted to avoid war
What exports did America limit to Japan?
Japan was very dependent on the U.S. for resources. Limited petroleum and scrap metal, banned sale of aviation gasoline. Froze all Japanese assets in the United States. Japan sent envoys to the U.S. to negotiate.
Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
They were afraid of the U.S. entering the war, so they chose to attack the U.S. navy
What was the attack on Pearl Harbor?
In 1941, Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor destroying 14 ships, 188 planes, and killing 2500 men.
When did the U.S. declare war on Japan?
December 8th
What was the America First Committee?
isolationist group opposed to entering the war; supported by Charles Lindbergh and also by some people who had pro-Nazi sympathies; committee disbanded after Pearl Harbor attack
Why were the allies at a disadvantage?
Hitler invaded Russia, Japan controlled most of the pacific
What was the biggest surrender in American History?
General McArthur overwhelmed in the Philippines. 78,000 American and Filipino soldiers will surrender to the invading Japanese
Who was in command of Allied troops?
General Dwight Eisenhower
What did the Allies invade in 1942?
Invaded North Africa and drove Germany out of Africa by 1943
What approach did Britain prefer?
A perimeter approach with air and naval attacks around edge of the continent
What approach did the US prefer?
United States favored frontal assault attack from across the English Channel.
When was Mussolini killed?
1945
When was the Allied invasion of Italy?
1943
What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
Russia defeated Germans and advanced into Eastern Europe. Major defeat for Germans they never really recover from
What was the Battle of Coral Sea?
U.S. naval airplanes affected Japanese plans to occupy Port Moresby, New Guinea
What was the Battle of Midway?
Victory for the U.S. at Midway aided by superior air power. Turning point where U.S. starts winning
What did the War Production Board do?
Tax credits for businesses, awarded lucrative contracts for urgently needed goods. War bonds covered half of the cost of the war and increased income tax covered the rest. Class taxation changed to mass taxation.
What was the War Manpower Commission?
Helped ensure a large army ready and able to fight.
How did home industry contribute to the war?
American factories met needs of military and out producing Japanese factories. Built ships faster than Germans could sink them (1 ship per day)
What was unemployment in 1943?
2%–the war was really good for the US economy and basically ends the Depression
When did hatred for the Japanese grow?
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor
How many Japanese Americans lived in California?
70% (2/3 native born) 110 thousand people of Japanese descent (1/3 Japanese born)
What was Executive Order 9066?
Expelled all Japanese from west coast
