HIST Exam 3 - FLASHCARDS - 4_1 Lecture 7

Question 1

What was the Presidential Commission on Civil Rights?

Answer 1

Created by Truman, to try to improve the lives of African Americans. Government should shut off any aid to states that were still segregating. However, thwarted in Congress due to states’ rights movement

Question 2

When did Truman integrate the armed forces?

Answer 2

1948

Question 3

How many children attended segregated schools in 1950?

Answer 3

40%. 28 million children

Question 4

Who was Thurgood Marshall?

Answer 4

Grandson of a slave. Opposed to separate but equal and that it was harmful to children’s self esteem; he was a lawyer for NAACP, in 1960s becomes first black Supreme Court justice

Question 5

What was one of the biggest Supreme Court cases?

Answer 5

Brown vs Board of Education in Topeka Kansas

Question 6

Who was Oliver Brown?

Answer 6

Challenges school segregation in Topeka Kansas in 1954

Question 7

What case did Brown v Board overturn?

Answer 7

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) which said separate but equal was constitutional

Question 8

How did the Supreme Court rule on Brown v Board?

Answer 8

Agreed 9/0 that separate but equal was a violation of the 14th amendment.

Question 9

What was the basis for the ruling?

Answer 9

Fourteenth Amendment–equal protection under the law, states can’t deny protection to citizens

Question 10

What was Little Rock High School?

Answer 10

9 black students enrolled in central high school to test the SC ruling in 1957. Governor Orval Faubus, Capital Citizens Council, and the Mothers League were opposed. National guard called down to prevent 9 students from entering.

Question 11

Who was Judge Richard Davies?

Answer 11

Launched legal proceedings against Faubus

Question 12

How did Eisenhower respond to the Central High School protests?

Answer 12

Protests broke out, and on September 24, Eisenhower dispatched 1200 federal troops to make sure the students got access to the building

Question 13

By 1961, how many African Americans attended desegregated schools?

Answer 13

2% of African Americans

Question 14

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 14

On Dec 1, 1955, black people were forced to sit separately at the back of the bus. Rosa Parks refused to yield her seat. Parks then arrested and calls Edward David Nixon to bail her out. A boycott was then called, in which 40,000 participated. Boycott went on for 381 days. Rosa parks lost her job and had to flee the state in fear of being lynched

Question 15

Who was Rosa Parks?

Answer 15

Refused to give up her seat on a bus in 1955. She was then arrested and fined. By 1943, joined the NAACP

Question 16

What percent of African Americans used the bus system?

Answer 16

75%

Question 17

What was the Montgomery Improvement Association?

Answer 17

Created to handle bus boycott. Elected Martin Luther King Jr to be their president, he was just a 26-year-old pastor at the time

Question 18

Who created the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?

Answer 18

Created by Martin Luther King Jr. Stressed non violent civil disobedience. Leadership made up mostly of black Southern pastors

Question 19

What was the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee?

Answer 19

student branch of the civil rights movement–a little more radical, interracial, mostly college students who lead a lot of the protests, also emphasizes nonviolence

Question 20

What were the Greensboro sit-ins?

Answer 20

lunch counter sit-ins in Greensboro, NC in 1960. Students protested segregation at lunch counters. Leads to formation of SNCC

Question 21

What did the Montgomery Federal Court rule on December 5th, 1955?

Answer 21

14th amendment prohibited segregation on public transportation

Question 22

Who was Emmet Till?

Answer 22

14-year-old black boy from Chicago, in Mississippi for summer visiting family. Spoke to a white woman who said something derogatory to him, and was killed by a mob. His mother chose to have an open casket and photos ran in magazines, people were horrified