U.S. History Exam 1 - FLASHCARDS - 1_31 Lecture 6

Question 1

What were some changes in popular culture during the late 19th century?

Answer 1

Liesure time was spent spectulating football and baseball. Movie theaters, fairs, circuses, were all popular pastimes. Increased materialism: decreased fertility rates. Decrease in victorian morality

Question 2

When was the first baseball team formed?

Answer 2

1869. Cincinnati Stockings

Question 3

When was basketball invented?

Answer 3

1891

Question 4

Why did fertility rates begin to decrease?

Answer 4

More women were going into the workforce

Question 5

What did Charles Darwin write that theorized biological evolution?

Answer 5

“On the Origin of Species” in 1859

Question 6

What was Social Darwinism?

Answer 6

The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Advocated by Herbert Spencer

Question 7

What was reform Darwinism?

Answer 7

Idea that cooperation would best promote progress, not competition

Question 8

What were the Republicans made up of in the gilded age?

Answer 8

White protestants, moralists, evangelical, and reformists. Looked to impose their values on other Americans. Relied on African Americans to support them.

Question 9

What were the Democrats made up of in the gilded age?

Answer 9

Embraced Catholics and Protestants. Liked Laissez Faire economics, minimal government (more states rights), tolerated immigrants

Question 10

Which party favored big business?

Answer 10

Republicans

Question 11

When did the Republican party dominate the presidency?

Answer 11

From 1872 until 1912. Except during Grover Cleveland’s two nonconsecutive terms

Question 12

When was the voter turnout very high?

Answer 12

In the late 19th century, 79 percent of new voters came to vote during the election season.

Question 13

What were the state voting results generally with each election in the gilded age?

Answer 13

16 states regularly voted republican, 14 regularly voted democrat, and there were 5 swing states in each election

Question 14

What was the Pendleton Act (Civil Service Act)?

Answer 14

competitive exams to get officials appointed to power. Officials appointed on merit

Question 15

When Rutherford B Hayes become president?

Answer 15

1877

Question 16

Who won the 1880 election?

Answer 16

James Garfield

Question 17

Who was Charles Guetau?

Answer 17

Assasinated James Garfield

Question 18

When was Grover Cleveland elected?

Answer 18

1884

Question 19

Who was the first democrat president since 1866?

Answer 19

Grover Clevelend

Question 20

Who vetoed more bills than any president before him?

Answer 20

Grover Cleveland

Question 21

What was the McKinley Tariff Act?

Answer 21

Raised import tariffs by 4 percent, making a record 48 percent tax on imports

Question 22

What was the Dependent Pensions Act?

Answer 22

Gave pensions to union army veterans

Question 23

What was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?

Answer 23

First major attempt to deal with business trusts + industrial growth. Tried to curtail monopolies. House: 242/0 and Senate: 51/1

Question 24

What was U.S. v E.C Knight?

Answer 24

Supreme Court decision said the Sherman Antitrust Act was constitutional but only to regulate trade between states (interstate trade), not trade within a particular state (intrastate trade). It limited the government’s power to prosecute and enforce the antitrust laws

Question 25

What controlled 98 percent of the nation’s sugar refining capability?

Answer 25

American Sugar

Question 26

What was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act compromise?

Answer 26

Act designed to help farmers who were suffering greatly. The government would buy 4.5 million ounces of silver each month and issue paper money after accepting the silver

Question 27

What was the Coinage Act of 1873?

Answer 27

Ended bimetallism in the United States, placing the nation firmly on the gold standard.

Question 28

How did farmland grow between 1860 and 1890?

Answer 28

The amount of farmland on the frontier tripled. The frontier grew from 407 million acres to 828 million acres. Much more land in cultivation

Question 29

What were the farmers upset with?

Answer 29

They are upset that railroad companies were charging huge fees to get their grain to market. They also thought it was unfair that the government was involved in special interest and tariffs. Government made foreign machinery expensive. Soon a system of sharecropping emerged

Question 30

What was the Patrons of Husbandry (Grange Movement) of 1867?

Answer 30

Addressed problems with farmers living on the frontier

Question 31

What were the farmers alliances?

Answer 31

First founded in Texas in 1870s. Sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers through the financing and political advocacy.

Question 32

By 1900, how many Americans were farmers?

Answer 32

50 percent

Question 33

Where did farmers alliances meet in 1890?

Answer 33

Ocla, Florida.

Question 34

When did the Populist party form and what from?

Answer 34

Formed from the Farmers’ Alliances in 1890

Question 35

What did the populist party want?

Answer 35

Wanted government to ensure best prices for crops, end to protective tariffs, free coinage of silver, system of national banks, federal income tax, direct election of senators, and tighter railroad regulation

Question 36

Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease?

Answer 36

Leader of the populist party in Kansas

Question 37

How did the populists do in the 1890 midterm elections?

Answer 37

In Kansas, 4 out of the 8 congressmen were populists. They got Democrats to support them in order to get their votes