US 2 Flashcards
1689-1763
Brit,France,Spain
winner: supremacy in west indies, canada, trade
William
Anne
Geoge
French and Indian
- King William 1697
- Anne (1702-1713)-
brit tries to capture quebec but failed bc of AI burn frontier of B.
Anne: Brit got Nova Scotia (F) and trade from S
-King George (1744-1748)
F and S attack B
- GA oglethorpe against S
- NE captured Louisbourg (F)
Treaty, B gave bacK for politic econ in India. NE angry
F and I
-Brit tries to stop building of Fort Duquesne in Ohio River Valley, VI govn send GW. small initial vic for B but surrender. F won 1754
-Braddock (VI) was defeated 1755
2000 B near Ft.Du. Algonquin w/F hurt frontier of Penn and NC.
F won
Albany Plan of Union
NY, 1754
by BenFrank. Brit gov organized it
gov btw 7colon, system for recuit troop and tax. failded bc tax
William Pitt: brit prime minister
army: get Canada
got Louisbourg back 1758, f surrender quebec to Wolfe (1759), b take Montreal (1760)
F and I end
btw Europe
Peace of Paris 1763
Brit: Canada florida
Spain: west of mississ
Ponitac Rebell
- AI Chief pontiac attack west frontier. included AI from ohio rivr valley. brit troop stoped it
proclamation of 1763
stopped colon from living in appalachian but colon still did it
Lord Grenville
King George 3’s chancellor of treasury and prime minister in 1760s, pushed acts in parliament
Sugar Act 1764
duties on feoriegn sugar and certain luxuries. raise money for crown, stopp smuggling. no juries
Quartering Act 1765
provide food and flat for brit soldier
stamp act 1765
raise fund for brit troops in colon
revenue stamps on printed paper. 1st direct tax
Patrick Henry
spoke to House of Burgesses about king’s gov, tax stamp act
James Otis
initiated call cooperative action for colonies to protest stamp act
stamp act congress
representatives from 9 colon meet in NY 1765. believed in representation
Violence protest stamp act
sons and daughters of liberty: intimidated tax agebts: destroy revenue stamps and tarred/feathered revenue official
Boycott
1765-1766 ppl did not purchase any article.
declaratory act
- after, new prime minister. stamp act repealed
declaratory: parliament haad the right to tax and make laws
Townshend Acts (new chancellor) new tax measure
- new duties on import of tea glass paper. search for smuggled goods conducted by an official with writ assistance (general license)
NY assembly suspended
Dickinson to penn
1768protest townshend. need representation
James otis and samuel adams
1768 wrote massachusetts circular letter and send it to colon legislature to get them to petition to parliament to apeal townshend acts
- Brit: letter retract, threat to dissolve legist and increase of troops boston
- Colon:boycott and increase smuggling
Lord North, new prime minister
ended townshend 1770. parliament still have small tax on tea
Boston massacre
- Africa: Crispus Attuck killed
quiet yrs
1770-1772
1772
sam adams still kept hatred alive by committes of correspondence (1772)
massach, exchage letter about brits
house of burgesses: intercolonial committees 1773
gaspee
1772 brit ship that caught smuugling in RI, colon set fire to it
Boston Tea Party
result of Tea Act (1773) made price of tea cheaper than smuggled dutch. colon mixed reactions
Intolerable Acts
coercive and quebec acts bc of boston tea party
Coercive act 1774
punish boston and maasch
1. port (closed boston port until tea was paid for)
2 massachusetts gov (reduce its legislature, increase power of royals)
3. administration of justice(royal official tried in Brit)
4. Quartering
quebec act 1774
organize canada. accepted by french, resented in colonies. established catholicism as official religion of quebec, no representative assembly, extended border to ohio river
1st continental congress.
bc of intolerable act. except GA. philip, 1774.
voted on measures to change brit policy.
Joseph Gallway plan like albany (restore relations, no independence) failed
Radical: independence. henry, adams. VI,MA
Moderates:gw, dickinson. VI, PENN
Conservative: just protest
Jay, Galloway, NYPENN
Actions of 1st continental congress
1.Suffolk Resolves, want repeal of intolerable acts (resist/boycott)
2. Declaration of rights and griebances make right stuff for colon, king can regulate trade
3. continental association: committees enforce 1
4.
Lexington and COncord
april 1775.
Brit: cage
Colon: Revere and Dawes
Bunker Hill
June 1775
at Breed Hill MA. Brit attack and took hill. brit lost more
2nd continental Congress
may 1775
NE independance
MC negotiation
Actions of @nd continental Congress
declaration of Causes and Necessities for Taking up Arms. GW appointed commander in Boston. Arnold raid quebec
Olive Branch Petition send to King 3 (wanted king to stop parlia for right) dismiss it
Prohibitory Act
after olive branch petition
August 1775, declared colon rebllion. no trade btw them
declaration of indpendence
june 1776, lee VI got the idea. 5 ppl wrote it
Patroits
40%. NE and VI
Loyalist
30% tories: allegiance to king). colon helped brit troops. NY,NJ, GA
wealthy conservative
AI helped
bad yrs for colon: 1775-1777
1777: brit in NY(headquarter) and Philip
Saratoga 1777
Brit: burgoyne
Colon: Gates and Arnold.
Brit surrender
France joined
George Clark
1778-9
capture brit forts in illinois.
1780: focused on VI and carolina
yorktown
1781
Brit (Cornwallis) lost
cause Treaty of Paris
1783
war was unpular in britain. lord north and tory party replaces by whig who wanted it to end
treaty of paris
us independent nation
missipi is the border
us have fishing rights on canada
us paid debts to brit and loyalist can claim property land
Colony Gov
conservative: law and order
liberal: individ rights and prevent tyrannies
own constitution 1777
- List of RIghts
- separation of power
- vote
Articles of confederation
1st constitution
1777
john dickinson
ratification: ai land . seaboard wants it to be under central gov
Articles of confed structure
weak gov
one body congress/legislature, each state one vote/ 9/13 required. Power:
wage war, make treaties, send diplomates, borrow money. cant regulate commerce or collect taxes. gov have no execute to enforce laws
no judiciary
Land of ordinances 1758
policy for surveying and selling western land. setting aside one section of land in each town for edu
Northwest ordinance 1787
land btw great lakes and ohio river, set riles for making new states. limited self gov and no slavery
problems with articles
war debts not paid, european nations hated us
1786: farmer rebel against high taxes, imprisonment for debt, lack of paper money led by Shays, effective, was stopped by militia of MA
Social Change
end aristocracy separation of church and state (only NE, congregational church) WOmen: maintain econ most N state end slavery S some voluntarily freed slaves
problems under article
states doesnt follow treaty of paris (give land back to loyalist and pay debt) and brit is still on frontier
reduced foerighn trade, worthless monry, boundary/trade dispute btw states
annapolis convention
before: to deal with articles problem. in GW home 1785. agreed to a later meeting in annapolis: only 5 states came 1786. Madison and Hamilton wanted another convention to revise articles of confed
constitutional convention
pjilip 1787. no RI, revise articles. young educated delegates. secret metting. nationalist controlled: draft a new doc
- Representation: VI: big, NJ: small CONN/great compromise solved it
- Slavery: 3/5 compromise of a person. slave trade could end in 1808
- trade N wants central gov control trade. S afraid of tax. commerical compromise: congress regulate trade and tax on foreign stuff but no tax on exports
- President: electoral and veto, as many terms as you want
AntiFederallist- dont like constitution, Jefferson (Democratic Republic) south
small farmer/frontier. mason and henry in VI. want bill of rights. opposed hamilton financial prgram Thomas jefferson
Federalist- want constitution, hamilton. northeast
strong central gov, large cities. campaign for constit: federalist paper (madison and hamilton,Jay) persuasive essay. early victories in state convention 3. add bill of rights. and won. thought bill of rights was unnecessary
Bill of rights
1791 madison
members of 1st congress elected 1789
first session 1789 NY(capital) GW president that year
Judiciary Act of 1789
establish chief justice and 5 associate justices. 13 district courts and 3 circuit court of appeals
Hamilton’s financial program
- pay of national debt at face value (TJ agreed and established capital in south DC
- help young industries and impose high taxes on imported goods
- create national bank for gov funds and print for stable currency.
Foreign affairs
GW, French revolution was supported by US, solidified formations of political parties
Proclamation if Neutrality
1793, GW. Jefferson disagrees
citizen genet
edmond genet object GW neutrality, apealed US to support french was fired as a french minister
Jay Treaty
- GW send chief justice Jay to Brit to stop them from searching/seizing US ships. Treaty: brit evacuate from US frontier
Pinckey Treaty
- Spain strengthen its holding in NA by catholic mission in CA. Pinckney (us minister to spain) treaty: spain open mississ and New orlean to us trade with trade for new orleans. fl boundary should be at 31 parallel
GW reign AI issues
settlers past Appalachian, AI formed Northwest confederacy under chief little turtle won over militia. US wayne defeated them. AI agreed to treaty of greenville 1794 surrendering ohio territory
Whiskey Rebellion
1794 hamilton got congress to tx whiskey. West Penn farmers to pay the tax and attacked revenue collectors. GW send troops in under hamilton to stop it
Public Land Act
1796, result of Jay Treaty, encourage settlement of new land. made new states: Ver, Kent, Tennn
GW farewell address
in newspaper, hamilton helped 1796. spoked about stuff he didnt want US to do -get involve in europe -make permanent alliances with foregin -form political parties -fall into sectionalism set an examples of only 2 terms
John Adam
federalist, TJ vice french revolution xyz
XYZ affair
Prob: French seized US merchant ships. ADams send delegates to Paris. French ministers wanted bribes to enter negotiation. US said no. Americans wanted war. Adams didn’t want war bc army isn’t ready, send new ministerto Paris. federalist strengthened
Alien and Sedition Acts (ended after 1800)
many federalist in congress 1789. wanted to restrict demo/repub. passed
- naturalization act: 14 yrs require for immigrants to get citizen ship.
- alien act: president can deport aliens considered dangerous and to capture war prisons
- sedition act: illegal for newspaper to criticize president or congress.
KENT and VI resolution
dem/repub hated the alien and sedition act. both ken and VI legislature had a resolution that declared he states had entered into a compact in forming national gov
Federalist
Loose interpret Strong central Brit Business owner/land owner Large military High tariff
Federalist
Loose interpret Strong central Brit Business owner/land owner Large military High tariff
