Apush 3 Flashcards
jefferson’s presidency demo-repub 1801-1809
maintained bank n debt repayment plan of hamilton.
neutrality
reduced military, fed jobs, repealed taxes n lowerd debt.
wanted agricultural society
spanish action in 1802
luoisianna n new orleans spained owned but gave it back to french bc napoleon forced them to. napo lost interest bc he needed to focuse on fighting brit n santa domingo rebellion
lousiana purchase 03
spain closed new orleans port to US revoked pinckney treaty. Jeff wanted it bc no more risk to EU affair. Bought bc french needed funds for fighting brit.
lewis n clark
to oregon n pacific 1804
marshall
fed controlled court bc adams assigned by adams. jeff told secsate madison to not give commisionion to judge. marbury sued for it. marshall said that judiciary act gave court more power than constitution allowed. therefor it was unconstitutional
judicial review
court hasd power to decide if action of gov is constitutional.
jefferson impeachment
jeff suspended alien/sedition act. jeff wanted to impeach federalist church
tj second term
burr: wanted to unit new england and get them to secede, quids: hated jackson bc he was against his own party
neutrality, napoleonic wars
war w/ barbary pirates
piracy at african coast. washington n adams paided them to protect US ships. now ruler demanded a higher tribute. Jeff didn;t want to pay send navy there. did not reach vicotry, got respect.
effects of napoleonic wars
napoleonic war. france/brit had naval blockades on eachother. seized US shipes . Us impressment
chesapeake-leopard affair
1807, brit shiped fired at US warship n killed ameri, almost lead to war
embargo 07
prohibited us merchants to go to any foreign port. effected negativly to the economy. movement for Neweng to seced formed. repealed in 09
election 1808
madison demo-repub
nonintercourse act 1809
us couldn’t trade w/ brit/france
macon’s bill #2 1810
if either brit/france repected us then they would prohibit trade to the other.
napoleon’s deception
causes of war of 1812
violation of free trade at sea, brit worse than french
frontier pressure: us wanted canada n florida. problems w/ ai
tecumseh n prophet
united all tribes east of missippi but got crushed by harrion at battle of tippecanoe
war hawks
clay n calhoun
oponents to 1812
new england merchants, federalist bc they think demo-re wanted more land. quids: traditional demo-repub
war itself
us invaded canada but lost.
lake erie n lake champlain
us won naval battles bc shipbuilding captured brit merchant ships. brit established blockade. brit had to retreate n not invade new england
chesapeake campaign
1814, napoleon gone. brit reached washington dc.
ft. mchenry
brit wanted to baltimore but this fort held out
horseshoe bend
andrew jackson endded creek (ally of brit) eleminated indians. jackson also halted brit control of mississippi. battle of new orleans is meaningless
treaty of ghent 14
brit didn’t want to fight anymore, americans knew thye couldnt win. returned all conquered territory. nothing about maritime stuff
hartford convention
before 1812 ended, federalist in new eng wanted to sucede but did not won all votes. fedralist propose that 2/3 bote needed for future war. made them seem unpatriotic
effect of 1812
feeling of nationalism, got respect from other nations. federalist party ended. anti fed became demo-repub
election 1816 n 1820
17-25
monroe elected
16-19: era of good feeling: debates over tariffs, national bank, internal, sectionalism, split of demo/repub
artists
patroitic themes in osicety.
internal improv
part of economic nationalism. protecting US industry from EU.
henry clay’s american sustem:
tariff, national bank, internal improv.
only internal improv both madison n monroe didn’t do naything bc not in constititution.
tariff of 1816
to protect us manufacture, 1st protective tariff
only new england oppose high tariffs, south n west supported bc belived it was needed for nationalal properity
panic of 1819
ended era of good feeling. first panic. bc of second bank of US tightening credit. bank closed
rising sectionalism
demo-repub
randolph: traditional. others adopted federalist ideas webster. calhoun, during monroe second term.
tallmadge admend 1819
missouri applied for statehood w/ slavery, admend: prohibit slaves in missourim defeated in senate
missouri compromise
clay’s
missouri: slave, main: free, no slavery in lousiana north of 3630.
ended era of good feeling, nationalism vs sectionalism
marshall court
strong central gov, rights of poverty
mcculloch v maryland: state could not tax a federal intution bc fed law are sumpreme over state laws
western settlements
bc of getting ai lands, econ pressure (Northeast had difficulty so ppl wanted to seek a new future. tobacco needed new land), imrove tranport, immigration, cheap prices.
monroe foreign affair
rush bagot
treaty 1818
florida purchase
monroe doctrine
rush bagot 1817
after 1812: more agressive nationalistic approach towrd foreign policy, limited naval armament on great lakes n border fortification w/ canada
treaty 1818
brit, sharing fishing rights, joint occupation of oregon n established northern limit of lousiana territ at 49
florida
us took it by military action. destroyed seminole village n spanish governor. jackson’s troop, then 19, spain sold oregon n florida (adams-onis)
monroe doctrine
us soppse EU internveing in westerm hemisphere. soon forgtten bc concern 1/ domestic issues. eu reated angryly
industrial revolution population growth
population ^ 1800-1825, urban areas grew
new transportation
roads but not across state lines
erie canal linked west farms n eastern cities. lovwered prices
steamboats made shipping in rivers cheaper/faster
1st railroads 20s n important in 30s
cotton gin
midcentury: agriculture was a big deal, eli whitney
samuel slater
established 1st US factory 1791
factory system
20s they became a big deal. encouraged groqth of financial business/ insurance. dificulty finding workers used
lowell system n child labor then immigrants
early labor union
1790s onward, many individual owners had to work in factories. bad working condition. goal: 10 hour work day, obtacles: immigrants, statelaw not allowing unions, high unemployment.
commericial farming
changed to cash crops, bc of cheap land n easy credit, more markets
impact of market revolution
end of self-sufficient household n growing interdependence among ppl. farmers fed workers who provide farmers w/ mass produced goods. standard of living ^
women: domestic service or teaching, married: no job. a little bit more control
wealthy n poor gap increased, social mobility
sectionalism north
bound by transportaiton n economic, agricultire, most poplous
urban
1830s: strike
grew n increase slum. high crime, .
north: immigrants took jobs of blacks. aa denied from unions bu were strikebreakers
northwest: corn n weat
steel plow n mechanical reaper, transportation points: new cities
commonwealth v hunt
peacful union could negotiate labor contracts w/ employer. 50s-40s: 10-hour work day laws
immigration- germans/irish
30s- 50: increase, to north or north west, not south. bc of inexpensive transport, famine n revolution in EU, econ oppurt.
irish: norhteast few skills, did not want to farm, poor, discrim bc theyre catholic, entered politics demo. competed w/ aa
germans: had skills, westward, prospered.
nativists
know nothing
south
small facoties, cash crop: tobacco, rice, sugarcane, cotton
code of chivalry.
upper: college
lower: early edu
methodist n baptist
peculiar institution
what south refered to slavery as. said it was good for slave n master. increase of slave, south legis had restriction to edu/movement bc fear of revolut
slave revolts 20s-30s
vesey n turner
free aa lived in cities but are not equal to whites. remained in south bc family n north didn’t offer oppurtunities
social in south
white hierarchy, aristocratic planters dominated legistalor/ slaves,
poor farmers (little slaves) produced most of cotton.
mtn ppl: small farmers in frontier isolated, disliked slavery.
ppor white: no slaves, hillbillies
small population cities: new orleans
west
similar to early colonist, disease/malnutrition: more dangerous than ai
women had shorter lifespan
hurt envir
jacksonian democracy 29-37
anti central gov
socially: everyone looked equal n sat w/ eachother: euality, self made man was an idea
politics moved from rich planters n merchants to middle/lower class. spread of democracy: suffrage for all male, change in parties/campagin citizens can nominate party candidate anti-masonic party was the first), popular election of president not state legislator, 2 party sytem camppagines on national scale. rise of 3rd paries, more elected offoces, campaign aimed toward common ppl n became entertainment, improved edu, newspaper
spoil system
pres appointing ppl who are loyal to them.
jackson: roation in office, limited ppl to one term
election of 1824
house of rep had to choose president, guincy adams got vote, jackson supporterbelieved that there was a secret maneuver n accused adams/clay of corrupt bargain
adams wanted money for intern improv, tariff, hated by south. after 1st term, jackson (old hickory) then got elected, mudslinging campagin
maysville road veto
jackson veto use of fed money to contstruct it.
peggy eaton affair
secstate’s wife is subject of gossip by cabinet’s wives. jackson forced them to except pegggy n cabinet men resigned.
indian removal act 30
land hungry jack, forces resettlement west of misso
cherokee nation v ga: cher was not a foreign nation n can’t sue in court
worcester v gaL higher court: ga had no rule in cherokke territ. jackson sided w/ state
nullification crisis
SC legislat declated increase tarif 28 unconstitutional. bleived in nullification. calhoun convention passed resol;ution forbidding tariff within SC. jackson got Force bill giving him authority to act against SC, issued proclamation that nullif n disunion is treason. he lowered tariff n SC postponed null. jackson: proslave
bank veto
banks were privately owned, receved fed, president: biddle. jackson n ppl suspect that bank abuse their power n only served wealthy. clay dissagree n got congress to pass bank recharter pill. veto
two party system
jack: demo (old repub)
clay: whig (federalist)
pet banks
jack’s 2nd term: destroy bank of US withdraw fed funds n transfered it to state banks
specie circular
stop inflation by requiring purchase of fed land be made in gold/silver not bank notes.
panic 1837
election: 36
demo: van buren, whig: 3 ppl- failed
banks closes caused by not rechartering but whigs (laissezdaire) was blamed
election 1840
whig better prganized n buren unpop bc econ crisis. whi: harrison emphazis on his humble origin with log cabins name calling. harrison died a month after taking office. estbalished whig as a party. VP tyler became P
2nd great awakening 1790-1850
timothy dwight
charles finney
reaction against rationalism during the enlightment/american revolution.
SALVATION, uneducated, appealed to emotion n fear of damnation. baptist n methodist became popular.
millenialism: world ending bc jesus
mormon: 30- new zion, utah
^private colleges
burned-over district
NY, revivals
joseph smith
mormon
transcendentalism
ralph emerson
Henry thoreau
walden
communalism
shakers
amana colonies
new harmony
oneida community
art
intuition, feeling, hero, nature: romanticism
everyday life. greek archit
literature
tracnendtalist.
reforms
temperance dix gallaudet sam howe prison reform horace mann mcguffey readers mtn holyoke college lyceum lecture societies
women
reduced family size, eomwn had leisure time. women became leaders in home (cult of domesticity) women reformers involved in antisalvery.
Sarah grimke
eliz stanton
seneca fall convention 48
declaration of sentiments, all men/women are created equal, listed grievances against law that show discrim. 50s: overshadowed by slavery
early antislavery movement
american colonization society
american antislavery society
william garrison
liberty party
practical version of american antislavery society used political/legal means
antislavery mov:
2nd greatL lead to vieing it as a sin. american colonization society 17: putting free slave in an african colony. established one in liberia. only a few did. did not help end slavery
american antislavery society: 30 will garrison public abolitionist newspaper imediate.
violent abolitionist ended antislavery talk in the south. nat turner
1820-1860
antebellum. reforms, temeprance 20s-40s, immig oppose,, some states prohobit making/selling it but 50s salvery issue overshadowed. 70s: regain again religious stuff
transcendatlist
romaticism. questioned doctrone of churchase n mechants. intuition used to discover god n inner self. challenged materialism. support antislavery
ralph emerson- independent-essays
henry thoerau- experiment living wood. on civil disobediance (non volence protest)
movement for pub asulum
humanitarian reform 20-30: structure/discipline bring out moral reform
dorothea dix
Gallaudet/Howe: school for ppl w/ disabilities.
penn: prison reform, backfired
edu
40: horace mann: public school movement. wnated them to learn morals. catholics founded private school in response.
