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11th grade > apush 1945-1969 > Flashcards

apush 1945-1969 Flashcards

1
Q

postwar:

end of colonization

A

many soldiers returned.
congress: repub
milit spending during CW finance migration n changes

repub control legis/ conserv

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2
Q

GIbill

A

edu n money/loan from gov to vet

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3
Q

suburban

A

spending during CW finance migration n changes

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4
Q

levittown

A

project of increase in mass produce, low priced family home on NY. ! interest n rates on mortage.

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5
Q

sunbelt

A

offers warmth n ! tax n econ support

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6
Q

employment act of 1946

A

health insurance, ^minwage, full employment. createdcouncil of econ advisor help gov promote econ welfare

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7
Q

opa

A

relaxed control by sdemo n repubb leads to ^ inflation rate

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8
Q

strikes n union

A

workers wannted ^wage leads to strike railroad n mine.

truman tough response seize mine and soldier.

united mine workers cancelled strike

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9
Q

truman

A

demo, continue ND, full employment n civil rights for aa

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10
Q

civil rights measure by truman

A

end discrimination, establish committee on civil rights 1946 n strengthened civil rights division of Justice Department (help end segreg in school).

tried to end seg in gov n military, south against this

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11
Q

fair employment practice commision

A

trumen, prevent employrs from discriminating in hiring aa. sdemo blocked it

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12
Q

22th admend

A

2 term presidency

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13
Q

taft hartley act

A

probusiness ended close shop, anti union. ended boycott

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14
Q

election of 1848

A

truman is unpopular.

liberal dem- progressive bc agressive foreign policy threatening world peace

sdemo: States right party/dixiecrat bc civil right

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15
Q

fair deal

A

truman
healthcare, fed aid to edu, civil rights legislation, fund for public build n new farm program. conserv block

allowed: ^ min wage n extended sss

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16
Q

why fair deal defeated

A

truman political conflict w/congress

cold war

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17
Q

yalta

A

free election

su help against japan last minute

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18
Q

potsdam

A

j surrender unconditionally

nazi trails (Nuremberg)
SU joined
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19
Q

world bank

A

by bretton wood conference fund rebuilding after wartorn stuff
su declined

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20
Q

UN security council

A

maintain and peacekepp mison. 5 perm sets n veto power there.

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21
Q

atomic energy commision

A

part un, approve by su

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22
Q

baruch plan

A

reject by SU, regu nuclear energy n eliminate atomic bombs.

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23
Q

soviet satellite states

A

eeu ditator loyal to SU. SU influenced free election. protection against future atack

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24
Q

german occupation zone

A

east: german demo repub
west: econ recov. su want ppl out of berlin

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25
Q

iron curtain

A

speech by churchhill caled for demo to stop communism

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26
Q

truman advisors

A

decides how to contain soviet agression

marshall
acheson
kennan

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27
Q

kennan article

A

containment of russian expansion, would/might lead to stopping communist world denom n lead to peace

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28
Q

walter lippmann

A

“cold war” argues that containment should be/only needed in some places

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29
Q

truman doctrine

A

money send to greece n turkey so they;; stay demo

bc
soviet deman for controll of dardanelles/turkey n commun uprising against greece gov

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30
Q

the marshall plan

EU recovery program

A

us send econ aid EU (Post war: EU in ruins= increase chance in communism) to help econ n demo gov. effective.
SU refused the aid

$17mil

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31
Q

divided germany created afte rberlin airlift

A

west: fed repub germany
east: german demo repub

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32
Q

nato–warsaw pack

A

broke washington fairwel address. military defense/alliance. eisenhower: commander

10

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33
Q

national secrurity act 1947

A

centralized department of defense coordinate militray operation

NSC coordinate foerign policy

CIA

selective service system n peacetime draft

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34
Q

NSC 68

A

how to fight cold war

  • ^ us gov defense spedning 20% of GNP
  • form alliance w/ noncommunist
  • convince us ppl to agree with this
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35
Q

asia

A

resist us influece after imperialism

pacific n philipine: american troops occcupied

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36
Q

japan

A

under us/mcarthur control.

generals trial n killied.

new constitution w/emporer

limited milit

no claim to korea n island

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37
Q

china

A

before: chiang (natinalit)

defeated by popular, organized mao n fleed to taiwan. us tried to help

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38
Q

sino-soviet pact

A

mao n stalim

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39
Q

korean

police action not war

A

japan n soviet n us troops left

nk attack. un attack back to chinese border (MacArthur). china drove un back to 38

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40
Q

macarthur

A

japan
korean war

fired bc wanted war against china. truman said no

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41
Q

soft on communism

A

criticism on trumen n demo. repub wanted to fight china

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42
Q

loyalty review board

A

investigate background of federal employees. many resigned /fired

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43
Q

smith act

A

illiegal to teach overthrow of gov by force/ join a antigov organization

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44
Q

mccarran internal security act 1950

A
  • unlawful to support totalitarian government
  • restrict employment n travel of ppl joinging communist organ
  • authorized creation camps
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45
Q

HUAC

A

find coomunist in gov official, boyscott, hollywood (testify in committee

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46
Q

hollywood

A

if they refused to testify then blacklist from industry

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47
Q

hiss case

A

nixon case has chamber as communist witness against hiss (official of state department, help yalta) accused of being commun.
prison

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48
Q

rosenberg case

A

founf guiltu of giving info on bombs to SU, killed.

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49
Q

mccarthy

A

said that communist still in us. power came from fear of unsupported accusation.anti trumen n demo. attacked weathy supported by working class

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50
Q

mccarthyism

A

communist witchhunt

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51
Q

end of mccarthy

A

seen as cruel bully on tv during hearing about commun in army

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52
Q

eisenhower 50s repub. 2 terms

more focus on foerign policy rather than domestic

A

truman left “a mess in washington” (scandals). election 1952 against taft. chose nixon as vice presid

ike was not a politician unlike nixon.

promised to end war in korea

delegation of authority. admistration: businesslike

korean armistance: 38th parallel in the end

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53
Q

i like ike

A

repub slogan for eisenhower. supported by mid class

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54
Q

richard nixon

A

used campaign fund for own prson use n was almost dropped from election. saved himself by checkers speech: pathos, wifedauhterdog there.

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55
Q

modern republicanism (bland leading the bland)

A

cared about budget. moderate on domestic issue,

accept ND n extended some. sss n minwage n pubhous.

created HEW (depart health,edu, welfare) under Hobby: 1st repub cabinet

soilbank program: ! farm produc, ^ income

no fed health insurance n fed aid to edu

highway act: ^construction linking majcities. denfense. created jobs n ^suburb growth. bd for railroad, public trnaport n envir

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56
Q

1950 prosperity

A

low inflation rate. sucess econ policy. disposable income triples. postwar: highest standard of living in the world

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57
Q

dulles. 2nd term: demo control congress

A

hated truman’s way. challenge SU n China. liberating EEU nations under soviet n encourage taiwan vs comunist china. supported by conservatives. if us pushed to war, commun would back down cuz us has nukes. prevented by ike

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58
Q

brinkmanship/massive retaliation

A

greater reliance on nukes n air power less on conventional force. dave money. turned ino policy for mutual extinction (MAD). did not prevent smaller wars n norm fighting still used for those

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59
Q

iran

A

ike:^ in covert actions used in foeirgn policy, less expensive/objectionable.

CIA helped overthrow Iranian gov bc threat to US’s rights to the oil. the return of shah/monarch provided fav oil$ n purchases of US arms

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60
Q

latin america

A

CIA ovethrow gov that threatened us busi interest. cia operation ^ anti-american feeling n damaged relations w/ iran

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61
Q

geneva conference 1954

A

french: controlled IndoCHina, J took during WW2 n tried to take it back but viet n cambod resist. ^ support of national n communi leader Minh. Truman gave aid to F. SU n China aid Viet Minh ( lead by Hochi). french surrender at dienbienphu. ike didn’t help.
conferance: french agree to give up indochina. divided up to cmabod, laos, viet (was to b divided at 17th parallel temproaily until election)

S: Ngo Dinh DIem cathlic, urban, fled from north commun. no general election to unit bc S fear of Nvicotry

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62
Q

domino theory

A

if SViet fell under commun, another nation inSE asia would fall then oceania

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63
Q

SEATO

A

dulles: regional defense pact, agree to defend one another in case of attack.

allies, main oceania, philip, thai, pakis

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64
Q

suez crisis

A

US support isreal n friendly nations in ME

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65
Q

eisenhower doctrine

A

Nasser (Egypt) asked US to fund Aswan Dam, Us said nom then asked SU n they said yes. but needed more funds to Nasser seized Suez canal. Brit, France n (Isreal) attacked n took it back. Ike didn’t like it n told the UN so forces withdrew

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66
Q

spirit of geneva.

cold war thaw

A

after stalin died, both us (atoms for peace) n su wanted to slow the arms race. SU had good relations w. noncommun countries. Ike n SU bulganin meet. US proposed open skies (aerial photography of opposing nation to eliminate suprise nuke attack. soviet said no. SU leader Khrushchev wanted peace w/ West

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67
Q

hungarian revolt

A

gov (backed by SU) overthorwn. SU send tanks to crush those wanting hungary out of warsaw pact. US didn’t do anything bc fear of big war. gave su official sphere of influence in EEU. ended CW thaw

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68
Q

sputnik

A

SU lanched first 2 satellites orbiting earth n had better rocket designs. us schools criticsed for matnsci.
^ fear of nuke war

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69
Q

NDEA

A

response to sputnik by congress. the act authorized sending money to school for math, sci, n foreign lang.
congress also created NASA

70
Q

second berlin crisis

A

gave west 6 months to pull troop out of west berlin before turning city of east germans. US refused to accept. ike invited SU leader to visit US n both agree to putt of crisis

71
Q

u-2 incident

A

2 week before planned paris meeting btw US n SU, russian shot down US spy plane (U-2), expose us tatic for getting info- SU’s missle program. ike admitted it after exposed. SU leader walked out of paris meeting n ended thaw

72
Q

fidel castro 1959

A

overthrew cuban dicttor Batista. nationalized us busi n properties. Ike cut of trade. Castro turned to SU for support n set up a toalotarian commun state. CIA train anti commun in cuba to retake their land n did not make decision to take action

73
Q

military-industrial complex

A

farewel address, warned of - impact of CW on US. warned country to not turning into a military/imperial state

74
Q

ike doctrine

A

us pledge econ n milit aid to ME threatened by commun

75
Q

OPEC

A

arabs bation formed it concerning exporting petroleum exports

76
Q

jackie robinson

A

baseball player, first aa to play in major league team since 1880

77
Q

truman’s integration policies

A

integrated the arm forces in 1948 n intro civil rights legislation in congress.

aa in south still legally segregated/
aa is poorly edu n poor.
civil rights began: saa moved from rural to urban
naa joined demo during ND

78
Q

cold war influence

A

on civil rights/social attitude. US represented freedom n demo, therefor racism n discim needed to b corrected

79
Q

brown v board of edu of topeka

A

naacp overpower plessy v ferguson allow segregation.

naacp 50 thurgood marshalla argued segreg aa in pubschool was unconstit bc 14th admend (equal protect by law). SCourt agrees.
Justice warren: separate facilities wrong n no more school segreg

reaction from South: some congress signed southern manifest condemming SC abusing powers. state close schools n set up private. kkk violence.

80
Q

orval faubus

A

56, governor used national guard to prevent aa students from enetering HS, ike intervene by using troop to protect aa.action from South: some congress signed southern manifest

only a small % of aa went to integ school

81
Q

montgomery bus boycott

A

rose didn’t gice up east fpr a whote passenger. arrested for violation of segreg law. MLF leader of aa boycott, nonviolent. scourt ruled segreg law uncon

82
Q

MLK and the SCLC

A

mlk got ministry n churches in south to get involved in civil rights

83
Q

operation wetback

A

forced 3.8 mill to return to mexico. remaining were discrim n exploitation

no more ban on asian immigrants.

84
Q

impact of tv

A

became center of family, bland network

85
Q

consumerism

A

agressive adv= name brand, suburb shopping, credit card, chain fast food on roads, standardize product.

86
Q

rock n roll= teen

A

mass market n inexensive music, elvis presley

^ reading, start of paperback.

87
Q

the organization man by whyte on loss of individ

A

^ conglomerates: one business makes diff things. more white collar than blue collar jobs. working for magazine=sucess. corporate promote teamwork n conserv conformity.

88
Q

Galbraith: wealthy us don’t care about addressing the need for ^ social spending for the common good

A

Riesman comments that conformitty being a big deal

89
Q

novels

A

wrote about individ’s struggle against conformity
catch 22
catcher in the rye

90
Q

beatniks 60

A

rebellious writers n intellectual, leader: Kerouac n Ginsberg.
spontaneity, drugs, rebell against social standards

91
Q

election 1960

A

ike: demo congress, supported by rural protest

R: nixon
D: kennedy catholic, critize su lead. supported by large cities

92
Q

space program

A

increase gov spending for defense n space explor. ken want land on moon by the end of the decade

93
Q

peace corps

A

set up by ken, recruit yaUS to give tech aid to developing country

94
Q

alliance for progress

A

ken, promted land reform n econ develop in latin america.

trade expansion act: reduce traiff with new WEU

95
Q

bay of pigs

A

ken let CIA train cubn exiles to overthrow castro, landed at bay but fail to upris, exiles surender, ken didn’t help, castro got more power n aid from su

96
Q

berlin wall

A

ken meet khrushchev vienna 61, K threaten president n want us troop out of berlin. ken refused. East Ger built wall around Wberlin to stop EG from fleeing to WG. ken didn’t do anything to stop wall but assured WB of US support

97
Q

cuban missle crisis

A

us discovered su building sites in cuba for launching missles to us. ken set up naval blockade of cuba until missles removed. war if su ships challenge blcokate. su agrred to remove if us don’t invade cuba n remove missles from tyrkey.

telecommunication hotline btween them estab.

98
Q

flexible response

A

diff from massive retaliation. ken ^ spending on conventional arms n milit foces. reduce riske of using nukes

99
Q

the green berets

A

flexible response ^ temptation to send elite forces

100
Q

lee harvy oswald

A

killed Ken

101
Q

dallas

A

chief justice warren said that oswald acted alone. yrs later: unanswerd questions- conspiracy theories about involvment by organized crimes, cuba, cia, fbi.

citizens began loss of credibility in gov

102
Q

warren commission

A

lead by chief justice warren conlclude oswald lone assasine

103
Q

ike on civil rights

A

late 1950s.

  • estab permanent civil rights commision
  • justice department has power to protect the voting rights of aa

s still discourage aa from voting

104
Q

nonviolent protest

A

college students starts to sit in restricted area to get arrested. SNCC to organize the movements.

other aa use the tatic.

progress of civil rights:clow.
60: aa impatience= violence

105
Q

unions

A

^power bc AFofL n CIO merg. unions more conerv, blue collar became midclass

106
Q

religion

A

organized; expand, ^ church, tolerance, ! interest in doctrine

107
Q

women

A

home; full time job, traditional. more married go to work but lower wages than man. baby n child care by spock reinforces this view

108
Q

kennedy new frontier

A

aid to edu, healthcarem urban renew, civil rights

109
Q

kennedy policies

A

blocked domestic programs
econ: some sucess (face steel executive bc overprice leading to infaltion, so the price went down)

inspired ya to help the country

110
Q

nucear test ban treaty

A

signed 63 after cuban missile crisis

end nuke testing in atmosphere

111
Q

johnson

A

vp of ken. p after assasine. expand versions of ken civil rights bill and income tax cut= ^ jobs, consumer spending

congress: demo

112
Q

micheal harrington’s the other america

A

focused nat attention on usppl still in poverty. john’s response: declare a unconstitutional war on poverty. created OEO n coomunity action program: the poor runs the antipoverty program in their own neighboorhood (controversal)

113
Q

office of econ oppurtunity

A

antipoverty agency w/ money: preschool, job corps edu, litracy program, legal services
successful until vietnam war

114
Q

barry goldwater

A

repub’s chpoce. supported by conservatives. support ending welfare (TVA n SS) demo: thinks hes an extrememist n would ww3

115
Q

64 election

A

johnson: demo bs goldwater

116
Q

great society reforms:

centralized

A 
food stamps
national foundations on arts n humanities
medicare
medicaid
elementary n secondary edu act
higher edu act
immigration act

child nutrition act

117
Q

nader’s unsafe at any speed

A

congress response passed regulations of car indus, saved lives

118
Q

carson’s silent spring

A

clean air n water laws. fed park/wilderness area expanded

119
Q

civil rights act of 64

A

made segreg illegal in public facilities and gave fed gov power to enforce school desegregation. set up equal employment oppurtunity commission to end descrimination in employment

120
Q

24th admend 64

A

abolished the practice of collecting a poll tax that had kept poor from voting

121
Q

james meredith

A

aa vet attempted to enroll in uni of mississipppi. fed court let him attend. ken send marshals n troops to control mob violence

122
Q

george wallace

A

governmor that tried to stop an aa student from entering unialabama, ken send troops to stop

123
Q

letter from birmingham jail

A

MLK n followers (nonviolent) jailed there for illegal march. aa believed jailed unjustice. letter got ken to support civil rights bill

124
Q

march on washington

A

blacks n whites peaceful march om support of civil rights bill

125
Q

march to Montgomery selma

A

killings n brutality (response to civil rights act) against voting rights marches led by MLK. voting rights march was meet with beating . tear gas bloody sunday. televised . john send troops to protect king n marchers. caused passing of voting rights act

126
Q

malcome x

A

converted to black muslim. critize king as submersive to whites. wanted to use violence. will leave black muslim. assassinated

127
Q

stokely carmichael

A

chairman of SNCC, violence n black power n reacial separatism.

128
Q

sncc

A

malcome x influence young aa to b in this organization

129
Q

watts

slogan:burn baby burn

A

afte r65, aa arrested by white in aa (watts in LA) lead ti riots that killed n destroyed buildings. race riots errputed many tomes in major cities black neigh.

130
Q

kerner commision

A

fed investigation of race riots concluded 68 that racism is responsible n us is becoming 2 diff societies

131
Q

de facto segreg

A

(replacing de jure)

132
Q

MLK assasination

A

peaceful marches unsucessful. argued w/ john over viet bc it drained money from social programs. killed by white.

133
Q

assasination impact

A

riots errupted. violence spread to white blacklash in white blue collard voters

134
Q

voting rights act 1965

A

ended literacy test n provide fed registrar in areas where blacks were kept from voting. signifcant in the deep south

135
Q

black muslims

A

lead by muhammad peached black nationalism, separatism n self improvement

136
Q

warren court brown v edu 60

A

chief justice impact similar to marshall. affect justice system, state political system n protecting unpopular individ rights. before, scourt protected property rights. protected 1st admendment

some ppl wanted him to b impeached

137
Q

mapp v ohio

A

illegally seized evidened evidence cant b used in court against accused

138
Q

guideon v wainwright

A

required that state court provide counsel for poor defendants

139
Q

escobedo v illinois

A

required police to inform an arrested person of their right to remain silent

140
Q

miranda v arizona

A

right to a lawyer being present during questioning by the police

141
Q

yates v us

A

1st admendment protected radical n revolutionary speech even by communist unless it was a clear danger to the safety of the country

142
Q

engel v vitale

A

state required prayers n biblical stuff in pubschool violated the 1st admend

143
Q

griswold v connecticut

A

state could not prohhibit use of birth control (rights to privacy)

144
Q

sds 62

A

radical student . Leader: Hayden. declaration of purpose: Port Huron Statement: university decisions should be made with student’s consent. Followers: new left

145
Q

berkeley 64

A

1st major student protest on berkeley campus. called free speech move. wanted end to uni restriction on student political actvities.

across the countru: student protested unit rules drinking n dorm. wanted greater voice in gov of uni. more protest during viet.

146
Q

weathermen

A

most radical fringe of sds/ violence nvandalism in their attack on americaui. opposit of early new left ideals

147
Q

hippies 60

flower children

A

like new left. counterculture. young ppl in rebellious living styles. dress, music, drug. beatles.

148
Q

woodstock music festival 69

A

gathering of young ppl, height of counterculture. ya destroyed theri life bc drugs lsd. ended in 1970 bc econ uncertainties

149
Q

sexual revolution causes

counterculture. coninued beyond 60

A

change toward sexual expression. more open
-Kinsey

  • antibiotics for sexual related diseases
  • sciene: birth controll pill

lead to changine attitudes on casual sex w/ many partners
lead to increase in illigetimate births rape n sexabuse AIDS

150
Q

alfred kinsey

A

survey on seual practice. result: premartial, cheating n homo are common

151
Q

feminine mystique by betty freidan

A

contributed to renewal of woman mov:

increase edu n employment, sexual revlition, civil rights mov

152
Q

NOW

A

founded by friedan (encourage midclass women to professional career n home) use tactics of civil rights mov. goal to secure equal treatment of women job oppurtunitu

153
Q

ERA 72

A

equal rights admend. euality cannot b denied on basis of sex. was not accepted in 38 states. defeated bc growing antifeminism by conserv threatened traditinal roles of women

154
Q

1st group of liberal group to identify w/black struggle

A

college n uni students

155
Q

women’s movment

A

changed attitude n hiring. women moved into profession previouslt men’s

156
Q

congress’ antidisceimatory laws

A

equal pay act 63

civil rights act 64

157
Q

ken viet

A

belived in dominoe like ike

send aid to SV

158
Q

Diem

A

unpopular, not supported by peasants. monk suicide protest against his policies.
overthrown/killed by SU generals

159
Q

guld of tonkin resolution

johnson

A

NV fired at US warship at guld. us authorized to send combat forces. Resolution gave p power to use any means to preotect us interest . war not declared therefor illegal. cost would hurt great society

160
Q

rolling thunder

A

air attack using B-52 bomber on NV target. the us combat troops qwew used for the first time.

161
Q

search n destroy

A

us tatic, alienate peasants

genral: westmoreland

162
Q

credibility gap

A

misinfo from leaders n john not speaking about reality of war

163
Q

john’s plan for viet

A

long term presure. inner circle of gov doesn’t undderstand everything

164
Q

hawk:

supports war, anticommunist

A

doves: anti war, civil war
nondoves: bc lives/money too much that could b spend on city prob n poor
antiwar: mccarthy

165
Q

tet offensive

A

vietcong attacked SV. us counter was succesful.
NS: political victory bc US saw on tv (setback)
joint chief of staff wants to send more troops, john’s advisor don’t want escalation

166
Q

68 problems:

tet, johnson, mlk killed, riots, nation unrest, 2nd ken killed

A

john told US he would limit NV bombing n negotiate n would not b P again

peace talk did not reach conclusion. war continued, no more troops send oer

167
Q

election 68

A

conserv: wallace, nixon (supported by those who are tired of 60s problem)
liberal: VP humphrey, underdog

168
Q

demo convention at chicago

A

demo divided. h supported John, police riots, ND

169
Q

wallace

A

white backlash. gov of alabama, self nominated: america independent party

170
Q

nixon

A

repub popular. hawk won

11th grade (59 decks)

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