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11th grade > Bio unit 1 > Flashcards

Bio unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes bacteria

A

1st living thing on earth. 3.7 billion yrs

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2
Q

Earth’s age

A

4.5 billion yrs

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3
Q

Stanley miller (1953)

A

Made a model of early earth. Lead to polymerization hypothesis

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4
Q

Biological system depends on molecular interaction .

A

Enzymes speed up chem rxn

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5
Q

Emergent properties

A

Properties at higher level in hierarchy of life that doesn’t exist

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6
Q

Hierarchy of life

A 
Biological molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
Population 
Communities
Ecosystem
Biosphere
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7
Q
  1. Characteristics of life
A

Composed of atoms arranged into biological molecules
-ca, hy, ox, nit, pho, sulf

-carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

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8
Q

2 characteristics of life

A

Having DNA for building protein

DNA-RNA-protein-everything else

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9
Q

3 characteristics of life

A

Get energy and materials from their surroundings to build biological molecules

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10
Q

Metabolism

A

All chem rxn that takes place inside a body to keep it alive

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11
Q

4 characteristic of life

A

Grow and develop

Life cycle

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12
Q

5 characteristics of life

A

Connected through the Natural flow of energy and materials

  • matter: clyclical
  • energy: unidirectional
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13
Q

6 characteristics of life

A

Reproduce and pass DNA to offspring (inheritance and heredity)

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14
Q

7 characteristics of life

A

Respond physically to their surroundings in order to survive

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15
Q

8 characteristics of living things populations not individuals

A

Living things evolve

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16
Q

Evolution

A

Darwin and wallace (British naturalist) propose it.

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17
Q

Phenotype

A

Traits

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18
Q

Fitness

A

Ability to survive and reproduce

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19
Q

Classification

A

Domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species

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20
Q

Phylogeny

A

Evolutionary relationships

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21
Q

Trace elements

A

Found in less than 1% of biological material

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22
Q

Energy shells: placement

A

Orbital: pathway of movement.

1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz

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23
Q

Potential energy

A

Bump up energy lanes with an energy input giving them more

24
Q

Absorb energy: away

A

Lost energy: towards nucleus

25
Q

Atomic size

A

Increased left and down

26
Q

Electro negativity

A

Up and right increase

27
Q

Tracers

A

Tagging molecule, radioactive energy

ex. idione is absorbed by thyroid

28
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

First generosity

29
Q

Fitness

A

Success in which it reaches reproductive maturity and produces an offspring.

30
Q

Competition

A

Is good for driving species toward better fitness

31
Q

4% of body

A

Mg, na, co, k, ca

32
Q

Polymerize

A

Form together to b more complex things

33
Q

isomers

A

2 molecules that contain the same number of atoms but are arranged in different ways

34
Q

0-.7

A

nonpolar

35
Q

.8-1.7

A

polar

36
Q

more than 1.7

A

ionic

37
Q

inert

A

atoms that are not reactive

38
Q

dissociate

A

break apart

39
Q

hydrogen bond

A

drew enzyme and substrate together

40
Q

water’s emergent properties

A 
-hydrogen bond
cohesion
adhesion
-high specific heat
-high heat of vaporization
-unique density reversal
41
Q

denature

A

loss of structure in protein

42
Q

carbon

A
  • median electronegativity (nonpolar bond-strong and stable))
  • max # of bonding sites
43
Q

hydrocarbon

A

all nonpolar molecules with a carbon backbone

44
Q

hydroxyl

A

OH
partial charge
*makes biological molecule polar
(carbohydrate)

45
Q

carbonal

A

C=O
double polar covalent
*polar
(carbohydrates)

46
Q

carboxyl (carboxylic acid)

A 
COOH
COOH- H+(releases hydrogen)
*polar
*ionic
*acidic
(protein)
47
Q

amino

A 
NH2
NH3+
*polar
*ionic
*Base: absorb hydrogen ion
(protein)
48
Q

sulfhydryl

A

SH
*nonpolar
*stabilizes protein structure
(protein)

49
Q

phosphate group

A 
PO4
three oxygen with negative charges
double bond with one oxygen
*ionic
*acidic
50
Q

carbonic acid/carbonate

A

prevent drastic fluxuation/changes in pH
-too basic (carbonic to bicarbonic)
H2CO3_HCO3-

(drops H+)

-too acidic (bicarbonic to carbonic)
HCO3-_H2CO3

(picks up hydrogen)

51
Q

carbohydrate
(release energy)
sugar

A 
monomers: monosaccharides 
CH20
Covalent bond: glycosidic linkage
-triose: 3 carbon 
-pentose: 5
--hexose: 6
52
Q

Lipids

energy storage, cell membrane

A

mostly nonpolar

monomer: fatty acid
saturated: straight

steroids: fatty acid. 4 hydrocarbon rings with short fatty acid tail.
(prevent cell membrane from falling apart. estrogen, testosterone)

53
Q

Lipids

polymer

A

triglyceride (fat) phydrophobic:
glycerol+3 fatty acids
nonpolar: ester linkage

phospholipids
glycerol+ 2 fatty acid+ phosphate group (hydrophilic)

54
Q

protein

A

monomers: amino acids
globular shape

  • hydrogen
  • amino group
  • carboxyl acid
  • R
  • primary
  • secondary
  • tertiary
  • quaternary

disulfide bridge: nonpolar btw R groups

55
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

monomers: nucleotides
5 carbon sugar
Phosphate group
nitrogenous base

56
Q

Polymerize

A

Form together to more complex things

11th grade (59 decks)

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