Apush last unit Flashcards
nixon repub 69-74
tech-space watergate poor econ fall of SV econ competition unemploy oil shortage
isolsted himself=imperial presidency
focused on intern
w/kissinger reduc CW tension
demo congress
vietnam
wanted peace w/honor
nixon doctrine
future asian allies would recieve us support w/o ground forces
kent state n jackson state incident 70
after decrease in forces viet, gov invade cambodia to destroy viet bases there. prtoest at college resulted in killing of students by national guard.
senate not house voted for repeal of gulf of tonkins
then massacre of mylai became public
pentagon paperd
publish in NYtimes of secret gov actions n mistakes/deceptiondealing with vietnam leaked by ellsberg. increased antiwar sentiments
paris accords 73
kissinger conduct secret meetings w/ NV but could not reach a deal. nixon bombs NV to force agreement B-52. NV then agreed, US witdraw its troops n get back POW,
Acccord promised cease fire and free elections. did not end war
nixon visits china 72
was not condemned as soft,
secret negotiation lead to visit w/ Mao lead to recognition of their gov later on in 79
detent
reduction of cw tensions. China n SU are rivals.
good relations with china pressure SU into agreeing to ABMs treaty limiting antibalistic missles.
salt 1
strategic arms limitation talks. su agreed to freeze the # of ballistic misssles carrying nuclear warheafs
southern strategy
nix=minority pres.
silent majority: conservative who unhappy with gov but does not state it publically(bc antiwar, black militant, school busing and counterculture) demo n southwhites, ncatholic bluecollar n surban who disagree with liberal rift in party.
burger court
lberal replaced w/conserv by nixon. warren replaced by burger more conserv. 71= busing end racial prob 72= death penalty harder to get legalized abortion roevwade turn over watergate tapes
election 72
to win the south, nix ask south courts to delay integration and busing orders and nominated 2 south conserv to scourt. court rejected and senate didnt confirm the nominees. auhtorize Agnew to verbally assult war protest and attach press as liberal.
before new federalism
nixon tried to slow growth of Great Society to replace it with family assistance plan= no welfare instead guarenteed anual income for wrkers). congress said no.
did give state more responsibilitysocial programs
new fed
revenue sharing, gov give lcoal gov 30 bill in block grants over 5 yrs to address local needs instead of specifics. approved by repub.
social programs under nix
attempted to bypass congress by takings funds from social programs. demo protested that its was an abuse of executive power. court agreed that p had to carry out laws of congress
econ under nixon 70s
slowdown n high inflation (stagflation). nix cut fed spending but failed, adopted keynesian and deficit spending to not alienate middle class or blue collar. imposed 90day wage n price freeze.
took dollar off gold standard (devalue it to other countries) in increase tax on all import= imporved US blance trade with foreign competitiors
election 72 year
end of recession and congress approve autonmatic increase for ss benefits based of anual rise in cost of livings. protect seniors n poor n disabled, contributed to budget problems. title 9 passed: ended sex discrim in pub schools (athletic affect)
election 72
nix won in south state
and won bbc foreign policy sucess
demo=mcgovern dropped VP bc he had electroshock treatment for depression. antiwar, antiestablishm,ent and liberal. demo controlled both house of congress. nixon won by landslide
CREEP
committee to reelect the president. w. nixon’s admin broke into watergate ajd bugg and other illegal activities
plumbers
stop leaks and discredit oponents. burglarize ellsberg to get info to iscredit him.
nix also wiretaps gov employes and reporters to stop leaks
watergate
nix involved in the cover up of the scandal
sam ervin
lead senate investigating committe bought attention to abuses by televised hearing to the US citizens.
john dean
white house lawyer testified and linked the president to the cover up
resignation of spiro agnew
bc he takes bribe when he was governor of maryland replaced by gerald ford
war power act 73
response to news of bombing raids in cambodia. president had to report to congress within 48 hrs after milit action and congress would have to apporve of it if it lasted more than 60 days
oil embargo 73
syrians n egyptians attacked isreal on Yom kipper to recover land from previous six day war. US supported isreal. then OPEC placed embargo on oil sold to isreal’s supporters.
effect of oil embargo
worldwide oil shortage and long lines at gas station.
US: inflation, unemployment. consumers favered japenese fuel efficient cars rather than american. automobile workers lost job. 55 mile spped limit to save gas and constructed an oil pipline in alaska. did not helpcontinued to 1980. gov
articles of impeachment
fired archibald cox (prosecutor of watergate investigation). us aorny general resigned in protest. caused House to have impeachment hearings. caused Nix to reveal watergate tapes.
House judiciary comitte articles of impeach:
obstruction of justice
abuse of power
contempt of congress
resignation and effect 74
gerald ford became president.
proved US system of checks and balances works. underlined dangerouse shift of power to the presidency. loosing faith of fe gov
nixon pardon.
ford 74-77
for any crime that he might have committed and extended before formal charges by court.
fall of saigon
ford can’t get additional funds from congress for SV. 75 saigon fell
cambodia
fell to Rouge (communist who killed ppl to rid the country of western influence) created refugees that fleed to US
WIN buttons
urged bussiness and consumers to wear these but did not stop nfkation. suk further into recession. relunctantly stimulate econ
CIA
demo congress searched for abuses there. was accused of helping assassinate foreign leaders. ford appoint GHW bush to reform it
Ford’s domestic
more conservative. bring inflation under control
jimmy carter
supprted by south and aa. unpopular after 1st term bc iran and econ
human rights diplomacy
carter and young supported human rights around the world and oppose the oppression of aa. cut off US aids to countries with military gov that violated human rights in latin american
andrew young
aa us ambassador to the UN
panama canal 200
gave it back
camp david accords 78
carter arranged peace btw egypt n isreal. invited laders to mmet at camp david and negotiated the accord: framework for peace settlement. egypt became first arab nation to recognize that nation of isreal. isreal withdrew its triio. PLO (palestine) oppose it and most of the arab world
iran hostage 79
anti-americcan sentiment strong and the demo eected leader overthrown and installed dictator earlier.
fundamentalist lead by Khomeni overthrew shad that kept oils flowing for west n alientated iran citiz. iranian oil came to halt. iranian militant seized US embassy. carter can’t free them
recognition of china
79, not taiwan anymore
SALT 70
signed treaty with SU limiying size of nuclear delivery system. never reatified. renewed Cold war tension in afghanistan
usreactions to soviet invasion of afghanistan 79
ended SU relation. us feared that SU will have more control on oil. carter placed embargo on grain exports and sale of SU tech. boycott olympics in moscow. arm buildup in US
record inflation 79-80 lowest
carter tried conserv oil and revive coal indust. slowed econ growth bc high ptices. fed reserv pushed interest rates higher = unemployment.
higher tax= taxpayer revolt
US in transtition
many lived in south and west. alot of old ppl. minority groups make up of more of the population.
cultural pluralism
cultural groups strove to end discrimination n improve lives n celebrate their traditions
immigration
80s= latin america (east, midwest), asia. refugees from cuba n vietnam. immigration act 65 ended quota acts of 20s
illegal immigration
rise if immigrants lead to immigration reofrm n control act 86: penalized employers for hiring illegals while gratning amnesty to undocimented arived by 82. loss of border
cesar chavez-united farm workers organization 75
boycotts protest exploitation of mexican workers. got rights for farm workers and require schools to teach both spanish and english. more latinos were lected (largest minority group
AI Movmeent 68
ai refused to assimilate into us culture bc identity. AIM tries to acheive self determination n revival of tribal traditions. military actions takeover abandon prison and occupied wounded knee. population increases
indian self-determination act 75
gave reservation and tribal lands greater control over internal programs, edu, police.
regained property and attacked poverty by improve edu: tribully controlled community college assistance act n casinoos