Anat integumentary

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

stratified squamous, no vessels.

Question 2

dermis

Answer 2

thicker than epidermis
connective tissue:collagen&elastic
-smooth muscle
-nervous
-blood
-hair follicles
-glands

Question 3

skin basal membrane

Answer 3

anchored to dermis by short fibrils to seperate btw 2 skin layers

Question 4

subcutaneous layer

Answer 4

under dermis, loose CT and adipose binds skin to underlying
collagen and elastic run parallel to skin . no sharpe injury
has major blood vessels

Question 5

keratinocytes

Answer 5

old skin cells with cell membranes thickened and developed many demosomes that sticks them to other cell

Question 6

keratinization

Answer 6

cells form fibrils of keratin and harden. keratin protein made and stored inside cells

Question 7

layers of epidermis

Answer 7

stratum

corneum: keratinized, dead epithelial, cells flatten/nonucleus
lucidum: clear cells
granulosum: 3-5 layers flattened granular cels, small keratin and nucei
spinosum: layers large nucei and develope keratin
basale: single row cuboidal/columnar divide and grow, melanocytes

Question 8

skin rubbed regularly

Answer 8

rate of cell division increases

Question 9

melanocytes

Answer 9

cells in epidermis produces melanin (dark pigment provides skin color)
cytocrine secretion

Question 10

epidermis has ridges projecting inward

Answer 10

dermis has dermal papillae passing into the spaces btw

Question 11

dermis extra

Answer 11

mostly irregular dense, elasticity and toughness, thicker than epi.
smooth msucle: testes, hair follicles
skeletal: face

Question 12

lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles

Answer 12

stimulated by heavy pressure, sensory receproe

Question 13

tactile (meissner’s) corpuscles

Answer 13

light touch

Question 14

free nerve ending

Answer 14

respond to temp changing and things that damage tissue

Question 15

hair

Answer 15

grows, rest, fall

not on palms, soles, lip, nipple, some extern reprod

Question 16

hair folllicle

Answer 16

tubelike depression, at the base a group of epidermal cells develop hair.

Question 17

hair rooot

Answer 17

portion of hair embedded in the skin

Question 18

hair papilla

Answer 18

end of the hair inside the skin

Question 19

hair development

Answer 19

epidermal cells old pushed to surface and die, its remain is part of the hair shaft (part that is outside).

old hair is pushed outwards and droped off

Question 20

eumelanin

Answer 20

brownish-black hair color

Question 21

pheomelanin

Answer 21

blond and red hair

Question 22

arrector pili muscle

Answer 22

smooth muscle attaches to each hair follicle, when muscle contract the short hair stands-goosebump

Question 23

nail bed

Answer 23

epithelial continuos with epitheliumof the skin

Question 24

lunula

Answer 24

most active growing region

Nail plate: keratinized epithelial cells, cell division push

Question 25

sebaceous glands-holocrine

Answer 25

produce globules of fatty matery material that accumulate, bursting cells: result called sebum n is secreted into hair follicles not palm and soles

Question 26

sebum

Answer 26

keeps hair/skin soft, pliable, waterproof, | excess: acne

Question 27

sweat gland-sudoriferous

Answer 27

ball shaped coil, in deep dermis. sweat secrets by epithelial cells

Question 28

eccrine gland-type of sweat

Answer 28

respond to high body temp, forehead, neck back, | tube/ducts opens at the surface as a pore. abundant

Question 29

apocrine gland- sweat

Answer 29

scent, puberty, wet certain are bc emotion, open into hair folllicles

Question 30

ceremonious gland

Answer 30

secrets ear wax

Question 31

mamary gland

Answer 31

milk

Question 32

high temp

Answer 32

active muscle cells release heat, warm blood-brain. dermal vessel dilate, heat of blood carried outside, deep vessle contract

Question 33

radiation

Answer 33

infrared heat ray escape warm to cool, rays radiate in all directions

Question 34

conduction

Answer 34

heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler object in contact with its surface

Question 35

convection

Answer 35

heat air move away, cold moves toward

Question 36

evaporation

Answer 36

sweat evaporates, carries heat away from the body

Question 37

genetic affect skin color

Answer 37

everyone has the same # of melanocytes, diffferent amt of melanin produced, controlled by genes dark: granules: large, single

Question 38

environmental factors affect skin color

Answer 38

sunlight, yv light, x-ray, darken melanin stimulate melanocyte to produced pigment

Question 39

physiological factors affect skin color

Answer 39

``` blood adds color oxygenated: pink not: bluish vessels dilate: redden contrict: pale carotene yelow ```