apush 6 Flashcards
Seward 1850-60 repub
secreatary of state: lincoln and johnson.
civil war: prevent EU from helpong confed
lead to annex midway island, got rights to build canal in nicaragua and purchased alaska
failed:
annex hawaii n purchase danish west indies
french in mexico
during civil warcnaopoleon3 send troops to occupy mexico. seward-monroe doctrine and threat military action. french left
alaskan purchase 1867
russia n brit controlled then only russia-colony hunt seal. was burden bc threat brit takeover. russia wanted to sell to seward 7.2 mil, has no value to Americans (seward’s folly/icebox)
new imperialism
^ foreign involv bc wanted raw n market for products. conserv hoped oversea advent offer safety value for sadness at home after panic 1893. worried about ^violence of labor managment disput/farmers. advocates for expansionist used econ n diplo means
internation darwinism
darwin applied to business and nations and races for milit, colonies/spheres of influence. strenth=territories oversrea (manifest) to caribbean,central america n pacific
imperialism
getting territory/gaining control over politic/ecn life of other countries/possesing weaker coutnries. some US advocate for expansions
missionaries advocate imperialism
rever Strong: anglo-saxon were fittest. protestant had duty to colonize other land to spread christiamitu and their tech/sci to poor. missionaries blieved in racial superiority n white supremacy. encourage gov involv in foreign affairs
politician for imperialism
repub allies with bussines leaders and suppport foreign affair for new market. Lodge (MA) and theodore roosevelt (repub NY)
naval power for imperialism
Captain Mahan: strong navay crucial to country’s ambition of securing foreign markets n being world power (book) naval strateigist got congess to finance production of steel ship and acquisition overseas island for supply station to spread power (samoa)
1900 Us 3rd largest navy
popular press for imperialism
increase circulation by print adventure stories about distant places. ^demand for foreign affair involvement
latin america
protector from EU. Secerary state Blaine wanted US and south to have stronger ties
Pan-American conference (1889)
Washington. representative from western hemisphere created permanent organization for cooperation on trade/others. blaine hoped for ! in tarriff (not achieved)
venezuela and guiana (brit) boundary dispute
P.Cleveland and SecState Olney wanted Brit to resolve issue. brit said its non of US’ business. US threat military bc Monroe Doctrine. Brit wanted US friendship so resolve but brit got better deal.
cuba carribean target of american imperialism
south wanted cuba since 1850
90- us invested in cuban sugar
spanis misrule it
causes of spanish american war
jingoism
expansionist wanted to b imperialist like europe. not everyone favored it. P.Cleveland n McKinley believed military actions abroad was wrong.
jingoism
intense form of nationalism; agressive foregin policy
causes of spanish american war
cuban revolt 1868-1878
cubans fail to overthrow spanish, renewed struggle in 1895. stragtegy: sabotage and laying waste to plantation
SP send Weyler and troops to stop revolt. forced ppl to armed camps (died of starvndsease) called the butcher
causes of spanish american war
yellow press
war enthuisiansimjournalism reporting bold crime/scandal/disaster
NY newspaper
-Joseph Pulitzer’s world
-william randolph hearst’s journal
printed exaggerate/false of spanish actions in cuba.
us wanted congress to stop spanish
causes of spanish american war
de lome letter 1898
spanish diplomat letter leaked to press n printed on JOURNAL. written by SP minister to US highly critical of P.McKineley
Cause of SP war
sinking of the maine 1898
after de lome letter. us battleship MAINE was on harbor of Cuba exploded klling amricans. press accused spanish but expert: accident
McKinley
after MAINE issued ultamatum to spain demanding to stop troop in cuba. spain agree but uspress n congress wanted war. mckineley yield and declared war
mckinley reason for war
intervene to help cuban rebels -stop barbarities n bad stuff protect lives n property of us citiz in cuba end injury to commerce/business end menance to peace bc disorfder cuba
teller admendment
congress passed joint resolution authorizing war. admendment declared that US had no intention of taking control of cuba n after winning, cuban can self govern
war starts
at manila bay in philippines. short war
philippines
roosevelt theo expansionest order navy under dewey to philip (under spainish control) fired at spainish ship n won. filipino allied with us. ustroop captured minila city
invasion of cuba
us troop: illprepated n voluterred. diseases killed (malaria,typhod, dysentery) more than battles
spanish larger but fought poorly.
usnavy destroyed spanish at santiago bay
rough riders
troop lead by theodre roos took san juan hill
annexation of hawaii
US missionaries/entreoreneurs settle in Hawaii. expansionist wanted it 1893 US settler wanted to overthrow hawaii monarch Queen liliuokalani. P. CLeveland oppose it. Philipenes war- McKinley annex 1898. official in 1900
treaty of peace in paris
1898
- recognize cuba indep
- US aquisistion of 2 spanish island (puerto rico n Guam
- US paid 20mil to spain for philipines
philipines
divided opinion: imperialist for annex and
antiimperialist/against treaty of pace/bc against decalrateindep n depriving life liberty etc n conflict in asia
treaty of paris 1899
imperialist won
Aguinaldo fought w/us in psainsh war n now fought against US. ended 1902
Anti imperialist league
jennings oppose expanision in pacific
porblems with us colony
did constitution apply. antiimperialist says yes. insular cases resolve prob n favored imperialist
cuba b platt amendment 1901
us troop in cuba from 1898-1901. will leave cuba if they acceot okatt admendment which reqouired cuba to never sign a treaty with foreign powerthat impaired independce n allowed US to intervence in cuban affair n bases there. cuban accepted and was part of their constitution
election of 1900
P. mckinely won again repub
us power
recognized after spanis war n south attached to union, involve in international affairs
open door policy chuba
Secstate notice that china was corrupt/weak/not modernize and is under other’s control (sphere of influence in china operated by EU) Hay gave diplomate note to EU prevent US from losing access to china trade. asked to accep OPENDOOR concept: all nation have equal trading priviliides in china n all accepts (evasive)
boxer rebellion 1900
nationalist and xenophobia on rise in china. Society of Harmonious fist/Boxers attacked foreign setlemet and muder christmissionaries. us troops participated in crushing them to proctect UScitiz n china forced to pay
xenophobia
hatred and fear of foreigners
hay second round of notes
hay afraid china loose its independence. 1900 wrotee a note to imperialistic power stating US will perserve china territyory n protect trade but did not do anything
theo roosevelt
imperialistic, aggresive forieg
canal
latin america resentful. congress paided colombia for panama n later returned the canal zone to panama
Roosevelt corollary to the monroe doctrine
helped latin america in debt to EU.
1902 brut dispatched warship to venez to force pay
1904 santo domingo n roose declared US intervention rather than EU. Us send boats to make latin countr pay for EU. justification and resulted in poor relationship
russo japan war
Russia vs Japan. J winning. roos end conflict by conference at portsmouth, NH 1905 (Treaty of Portsmouth). japan hated US
gentlemen’s agreement
CA law discriminated against Japanese. SF got them to go to segregrated school. roos compromise: informal understanding. J secretly restrict emmingration of Jworkers to US inexchange for repel of law
great white fllet
roos send a fleet of battleships on an around the world cruise 1907-09 to show naval power was welcomed at tokyo bay
root-takahira agreement
1908
secstate Root and Jambassador Takahira exchanged notes pledge mutual respect for each pacific possesion n support open door policy
roosevelt
big stick promote peaceful solution and was award nobel peace prize 1906 n directed algeciras conference in Spain (fraxgerman over morocco,
directed us in seconf interational peace conference (hague 190) discuss rules for limiting warfare
after roose: Will Taft 1909-1913
mild expanisionist foreign policty, investor’s dollar not navy battleship
^antiimperialism in US and oversea
privateUS investment in china n central america: stability
dolllar diplomacy
promte US trade by support US enterprises abroad
railroads in china
bankers in EU plan to invest n secure US particip agreeement: 1911
ManchuriaL US excluded bc itsan Russ n ja sphere of influence
intervention in nicaragua
US intervent with its financial affairs in 1911 to protect US investment n marines send in when civil war 1912
lodge corollary
ja wanted to buy Mexico baja peninsula. Senat repub Losge n senate 1912 passed collary to monroe doctrine
nonEU powers excluded from owning territory in west hemist
P. Tarf oppose n Latin america did too
New freedom
woodrow wilson: moral approach to foreign affairs. oppose imperialism 1912
wilson’s moral diplomacy
1st term: low sucess: respect other’s right n spread demo n corrected ‘wrongful policies’
anticolonialism
philippines
Jones Act 1916
granted full territorial staus to them
guarenteed bill of rights n male suffrage to filip cittiz
promise indept for them as soon: stable president
pueto rico
1917 granted us citizenship to all inhabit n limit self gov
panama canal
repelaed act that granted us ship exemption from paying toools
conciliation treaties
secstate wilson: bryannegotiated treaties nations
submit disputes to internati commision
obseve 1 year cooling off period b4 milit action
military under wild on
usue marines to straignten out financial political troubles in mexico n central am n carribean n order troops stationed in some places to maintain n protect canal
revolution n civil war in mexico
rused to recognize dicataor ship of General Huerta who killed former presigent
tampico incident
embargo against mexican gov to help revolt against huerta. send fleet to block port vera cruz. ussailors went ashore tampico and was arrested by mexi n released. huerta not apologize. wilson order moer troops. war averted by abc powers to mediate
abc powers
argen brax chile
pancho willa
heurt power ended 1914 replaced by democratic Carranza. rebels loyal pancho villa. Villa raid across US/mexi border and murder some Us ppl. wilson order milit to pursue villa, failed. carranza didn’t want US in mexi. WW! caused withdraw of troop
progessivism
reforms during 1901-1917
rrms during 1901-1917
political/social changes through gov action. limit business power, improv democracy
during roose, taft, 1st wilson
middle class
professional class: science -bussiness, middle class
against corrupt usiness n gov n urban social/econ prob
protestant
preach responsibility and care for less fortunate n honesty
social gospel-Rauschenbusch
leaders
theo
Robert Follette
Will Jennings
Wilson
pragmatism
James dewey phlipophy came from transcendentalism take pratical approach to knowledge. experiemnt with idea/law n test it out to make sure well-functional demo society
Scinetific managemnt
ppl believed that gov would b efficient if managers were expert/scientific bc of studies by Federick Taylor
muckraker
writers of investigative sotries
standar
Henry Lloyed
altantic montly; standard oil corruption/greed, earliest muckracker
samuel mcClure
founded muckracking magazines, sensationalism
Jacob riis
photojournalist publish HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES
lincoln steggen
describe details of corrupt deals with characterized city politics
philadelpdia n minneapolis
frank norris
book: the octopus
tyrannical power railroad companies help ^ demand for gov regulation
decline muckraking
after 1910 bc
- difficult to top sensationalism of earlier stories
- publisher faces pressure to tone down business treatiment (banks n advertisers)
- coproate developed field of public relations
progessive political reforms
increase demo/ participation of citizen in politics
australian/secret ballot
MA: first 1888
ballot printed by state and voters mark secretly within private booth
1910 all state
direct primaries
La follete inroduced it, voters vore nominies
direct election of US senators
b4: chosen by legislature but is now voted for by ppl to keep gov away from business
1st: nevasa
1913: 17th admendment made it a requirement
initiative, referendum, recall
to make sure legis obey the ppl
- initiative: voters compelll legis to consider bill
- referendum: allow citizen to vote on laws
- recall: voters can remove ppl from office
samuel jones
golden rule ohio, municipal reform free kindergarten, nigh schools, public playgrounds
tom johnson
TAX REFORM N 3 CENT TROLLEY FARE CLEVELAND WANTED BUT DID NOT GET PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF ULTILITIES N SERVICE
public utilities
reform to stop private comapnies from owning i
comission plan of gov
manager-council plan
1st in texas 1900 voters elect head of city department
expert manager hired to direct work in departemtn of citygov
state reform
anti corporate interest n more demo
charles hugh
fraudulent insurance companies
hiram johnson
anti econ npolitic power of southern pacific railroad
lafollete
governor passed wisconsin idea: progressive: direct primary, tax reform, comisssion monitor railroads, utilities n business
temperance
divided view btw rural n urban progresives, dry: prohibitionists got states to ban
social life
settlement house workers n civic volunteer
jane addams, florence kelley
criminals could b good
child n women labor
national child labor committee got chld labor law 1907 then school attendance laws
florence kelley
lochner v NY
limit work hours 10
muller v oregon
women needed special protection from long hour
t roose square deal
favor neither boss nor emplyee but negotiation
roose trust busting
enforce sherman antitrust act, wanted to bust northern securities compnay railroads, sumpreme court hleped break up monopoly then took action against standard oil
roose laws for railroad regulations
-ICC stop rail from favorites
hepburn act: commision fix rates for tail
consumer protection
the jungle by sinclair- meatpacking
pure food n drug act: cant sell bad food/ mislabeled
meat inspection act: fed inspectors to insure standard
conserv roose
use Rorest reserve act 1891: sr up nationa reserve
newlands reclamation act 1902: provid mney frim selling public land for irrigation in west
establised national conservation comiision
taft
continued roose progressive, trustbruster alot -steel
conservationalist bureau of mines
mann elkins act
least important; gave icc power to suspend rates
repub party split
dislike tafts bc
-Payne-Aldrich tariff: ^ on import
-Pinchot-ballinger
did not rduse houserep cannnon
socialist party
welfare of workers
eugene v debs (too radical)
election of 1912
- taft (low popularity)
- theo: Bull moose party new nationalism (more gov, womenr, social welfare)
- wilson: new freedom (limit buss n gov=competition; end corruption)
- socialist; debs
underwood tariff
lowered tariff alot, included graduated income tax
triple wall of privilege
tariff, bank, trust
fed reserve act 1914
national banking sys 12 district
fed serserve boardL supervisor
clayton antitrust
strenhthen sherman antitrust act; break monopolies
fed trade comission
agency in investigation against unfair trade practice
fed farm loan
provide farm loans with low interest
washington v dubois
washington: aa needed edu; political n social equality
dubois: educated, demand for rights
the souls of black folk
dubois progressive rulers ignored them
the great migration
as the mass movement of about five million southern blacks to the north and west between 1915 and 1960.
niagra movement
group of aa meet in canada to discuss protest n action of equal rights
naacp
by niagra, abolish segregation n ^ edu for children
national urban league
ppl south move to cityl self relians and economic education
carrie chapman catt
president of NAWSA, increase demo, votes for women state level
alice paul
formed nation woman’s party, focused on getting admendmentbirth
margarat sanger
birth control
allied power
brit, france, russia
central power
german, austria-hungary, ottoman of turkey
lusitania
german sank this brit ship that had US ppl on it
sussex pledge
g promise not to sink merchant/passenger ships w/o givng fair warning
econ btw france n brit
us econ tired with allied power, us became propherous bc of the war, bc of brit blockage, us mainly traded w/ them
national denfense act
increase armu force for war prepardness
anti war
polulist, progressive, socialist
jennings, jane addams, rankin
jeannette rankin
first women ellected to congress
1916 election
he kept us out of war
wilson’s campaign; ittlechance but won
unestricted sub warfare
german resumed sinking ships to cut off supplies to ally before us could gather troops
zimmermann telegram
germany told mexico that if it helps then it would give back its former territories
russian revolution
wilson wants to fight for democracy, revolt then proclaim republic not autocratic czar
bernard baruch
war indus board
control over raw material and prices
herbert hoover
food admin
told pppl to wat less meat n bread
henry garfield
fuel admin
save coal by cloing down some facoties
daylight saving time
william mcadoo
railroad admin
taft
national war labor board
resolve disputes btw manager and employers
wage rouse n 8 hr work days
financing the war:
loans, taxes, liberty bonds
george creel
comitte on public onfo
depict heroism n had german soues-hysteria-pejudice
american protective league
hate the huns camoaugn
acttack german things
espionage and sedition act
E: prison for ppl rebell in armed forces or obstruct a draft
S: prohibit ppl from making rude remarks about gov
schenk v us
court upheld espionage act
Justice shief holmes
selective service act
draft ppl equally; lottery
aa
segregation in army
new weapons
sub, ship contruction-US had to escort merchant trip
bolshebik revolution
second revolution by communist; russia out of war
aeforces
commanded by pershing; first plug in weak spots in bnf lines and fought on its own
chateau-thierry
US vs G; us stopped german advance n counterattacked at belleau woods
meuse argonne offensive
allied offensive drove G backed to german border
armistice
11/11 g signed to surrender arms, give up nav n evacuate occupied territoru
spanish flu
many us troops died from this dease
the big four
wanted revenge did not care for wilson
Brit-llod
france-clemenceau
Italy-orlando
league of nations
signers of treatu would form this
article x
charter of the leagure said that each member is ready to protect other nations
the red scare
fear of communism Russia’
xenophovia-restriction on immigrants
palmer raids
odered arrest of anarchist, socialist because of unexplained bombing, suspects were foreign n little evidence
1919 stikes
unionist n shipyard workers-higher pay
peaceful, police was on strike. national guard break up it
race riots
racial tension in nrth bc competition for jobs/housing lead to voilence
chicago is worce
south: aa soldiers lynched
