bio dna quiz Flashcards
nucleotide I
phosphate group
pentose sugar (5C)
nitrogenous base
DNA runsantiparallel
pentose sugar
DNA: deoxyribose c5h10o4
RNA: ribose C5H10o5
pyrimidines
single ring nitrogenous base
cytosine
thymine
purines
double ring nitrogenous base
adenine
guanine
bonds
phosphodyester linkage: covalent bond btw phosphate group and sugar
DNA replication
hydrogen bond first then phosphodyester link
new nucleotides have 3 phospahte group
starts at origin of replication
Helicase
breaks hydrogen bond
unzips DNA
SSBP
holds strand apart
DNA polymerase
reads template strand and conduct complementary strand
DNA polymerase extended
cannot initiate building new strand.
primase: enzyme that builds begining (short) w/RNA then later is replaced
new strand 5-3
grabs phsphate n attach it to sugar
lagging strand
jumps forawrd then would build back word leaving fragments
ligase form covalent okazaki bond
protein synthesis
DNA-protein-traits
20 types of amino acid
peptide bond combine aa
amino acid level of structure
primary= link aa in spec order
secondary fold over
tertiary globular
quaternary 2 tertiary
gene
spec sequence of DNA nucleotides that code for spec protein
a spec order nucleotide to create a spec order of aa
3 nucleotide=1 aa
1 strand used for RNA
ghost strand is not use
space btw gene sequence
promoter sequence: before a gene
transcription
mRNA (copy of DNA) complement was made.
initiation: RNA polymerase reads DNA template: builds 5-3: premRNA
promoter-terminator
RNA polymerase starts in the middle of tatabox so no nucleotide is missing
processing
dicing/splicing
premRNA edited into shorter functional=mRNA
has exon: expressed
intron=is cut out but can b combined together to form another mRNA (alternative splicing)
translation
ribosome (rRNA)reads mRNA to compose aa together
RNA
AUCG
tRNA
tranfer
bring aa to ribosome in spec order that is coded from mRNA
grifith
injected encap virus=mouse dies
rough cell=live
heated smooth= live
heated s w/ rough= dead
(living s cell r found)
avery, mccarty and maccloed
determine DNA is hereditary
solution of aa, r/dna
and add enzymes to destroy one of them then a some R virus cells. S cells appear when DNA is present
hersey and chase
phage grown in sulfure (protein) so only liquid is radioactive
pahge grown in phosphorus (DNA) and radioactive in pellet bc phos enters cell
chargaff
A=T (same amt.)
C=G (same amt)
rosalinid
x ray crystalography
watson and crick
double helix
