Urticaria Flashcards

1
Q

name the term that means increased thickness of the keratin layer

A

hyperkeratosis

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2
Q

name the term that means increased turnover of keratinocytes

A

parakeratosis

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3
Q

name the term that means increased thickness of the epithelium

A

acanthosis

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4
Q

define papillomatosis and name a condition it is found in

A

irregular epithelial thickening

found in acanthosis nigricans

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5
Q

define spongiosis

A

oedema between keratinocytes

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6
Q

in psoriasis, what is the basic pathology?

A

parakeratosis in the corneal layer

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7
Q

what is meant by the Koebner phenomenon?

A

trauma to a site of the body can stimulate skin lesions in that area

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8
Q

true or false: neutrophils are present in the corneal layer in psoriasis

A

true

unusual though

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9
Q

what is Auspitz sign in psoriasis?

A

bleeding spots when psoriasis scales are scraped off

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10
Q

where does acne vulgaris tend to affect?

A

sites of high sebaceous gland concentration

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11
Q

how does sebum lead to acne?

A

sebum builds up in the hair follicle and increases pressure, leading to rupture

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12
Q

what are comedones?

A

keratin and sebum build up in the hair follicles, creating white/black heads

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13
Q

true or false: rosacea is more common in males

A

false

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14
Q

what are the facial features of rosacea?

A

flushing
visible blood vessels
pustules
thickened skin

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15
Q

list some triggers of rosacea

A

alcohol
sun
spicy food
stress

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16
Q

which mites are often present in rosacea?

A

demodex mites

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17
Q

name three immunobullous diseases

A

pemphigus
bullous pemphigoid
dermatitis herpetiformis

18
Q

what is the most common subtype of pemphigus?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

19
Q

what happens in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

IgG antibodies are made in response to desmoglein 3

this is the glue that maintains desmosomal attachments

20
Q

in bullous pemphigoid, where does the blistering develop?

A

underneath the epidermis

21
Q

true or false: acanthylosis occurs in bullous pemphigoid

22
Q

what is acanthylosis?

A

loss of desmosomal attachments in the epidermis

23
Q

what happens in bullous pemphigoid?

A

IgG produces antibodies against hemidesmosomes

this causes the epidermis to separate from the basement membrane

24
Q

what GI disease is linked to dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

coeliac disease

25
how is dermatitis herpetiformis produced in coeliac patients?
IgA against wheat cross reacts with connective tissue matrix proteins
26
what is the most common form of psoriasis?
chronic plaque psoriasis aka psoriasis vulgaris
27
true or false: psoriasis is symmetrical and usually affects flexor surfaces
false usually affects extensor surfaces
28
list treatment for psoriasis
vitamin D analogue coal tar steroid ointment phototherapy
29
what is the basic function of retinoids in psoriasis?
reduces skin turnover
30
which organism can colonise the hair follicle causing acne?
propionibacterium acnes
31
what are open comedones called?
blackheads
32
what are closed comedones called?
whiteheads
33
list topical treatment for acne
benzoyl peroxide adapalene topical antibiotic
34
what effects does benzoyl peroxide have?
keratolytic | antibacterial
35
what type of drug is adapalene?
topical retinoid
36
name an oral retinoid that can be used for acne
isotretinoin
37
true or false: comedones are present in rosacea
false
38
outline treatment for rosacea
reduce triggers topical metronidazole low dose isotretinoin if severe
39
true or false: bullous pemphigoid is a deep blister; pemphigus is a superficial blister
true
40
what is Nikolskly sign?
top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when rubbed
41
which disease is nikolsky positive, bullous pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris?
pemphigus vulgaris
42
outline treatment for pemphigus and pemphigoid
steroids immunosuppression tetracycline in pemphigus