Urticaria Flashcards
name the term that means increased thickness of the keratin layer
hyperkeratosis
name the term that means increased turnover of keratinocytes
parakeratosis
name the term that means increased thickness of the epithelium
acanthosis
define papillomatosis and name a condition it is found in
irregular epithelial thickening
found in acanthosis nigricans
define spongiosis
oedema between keratinocytes
in psoriasis, what is the basic pathology?
parakeratosis in the corneal layer
what is meant by the Koebner phenomenon?
trauma to a site of the body can stimulate skin lesions in that area
true or false: neutrophils are present in the corneal layer in psoriasis
true
unusual though
what is Auspitz sign in psoriasis?
bleeding spots when psoriasis scales are scraped off
where does acne vulgaris tend to affect?
sites of high sebaceous gland concentration
how does sebum lead to acne?
sebum builds up in the hair follicle and increases pressure, leading to rupture
what are comedones?
keratin and sebum build up in the hair follicles, creating white/black heads
true or false: rosacea is more common in males
false
what are the facial features of rosacea?
flushing
visible blood vessels
pustules
thickened skin
list some triggers of rosacea
alcohol
sun
spicy food
stress
which mites are often present in rosacea?
demodex mites
name three immunobullous diseases
pemphigus
bullous pemphigoid
dermatitis herpetiformis
what is the most common subtype of pemphigus?
pemphigus vulgaris
what happens in pemphigus vulgaris?
IgG antibodies are made in response to desmoglein 3
this is the glue that maintains desmosomal attachments
in bullous pemphigoid, where does the blistering develop?
underneath the epidermis
true or false: acanthylosis occurs in bullous pemphigoid
false
what is acanthylosis?
loss of desmosomal attachments in the epidermis
what happens in bullous pemphigoid?
IgG produces antibodies against hemidesmosomes
this causes the epidermis to separate from the basement membrane
what GI disease is linked to dermatitis herpetiformis?
coeliac disease
how is dermatitis herpetiformis produced in coeliac patients?
IgA against wheat cross reacts with connective tissue matrix proteins
what is the most common form of psoriasis?
chronic plaque psoriasis
aka psoriasis vulgaris
true or false: psoriasis is symmetrical and usually affects flexor surfaces
false
usually affects extensor surfaces
list treatment for psoriasis
vitamin D analogue
coal tar
steroid ointment
phototherapy
what is the basic function of retinoids in psoriasis?
reduces skin turnover
which organism can colonise the hair follicle causing acne?
propionibacterium acnes
what are open comedones called?
blackheads
what are closed comedones called?
whiteheads
list topical treatment for acne
benzoyl peroxide
adapalene
topical antibiotic
what effects does benzoyl peroxide have?
keratolytic
antibacterial
what type of drug is adapalene?
topical retinoid
name an oral retinoid that can be used for acne
isotretinoin
true or false: comedones are present in rosacea
false
outline treatment for rosacea
reduce triggers
topical metronidazole
low dose isotretinoin if severe
true or false: bullous pemphigoid is a deep blister; pemphigus is a superficial blister
true
what is Nikolskly sign?
top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when rubbed
which disease is nikolsky positive, bullous pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris?
pemphigus vulgaris
outline treatment for pemphigus and pemphigoid
steroids
immunosuppression
tetracycline in pemphigus
