Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name for the earliest recognisable germ cell in females?

A

primordial germ cell

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2
Q

true or false: primary oocytes are formed after the first mitotic division

A

false

the first meiotic division

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3
Q

what is a polar body in oogenesis?

A

small haploid cell formed during meiotic divisions that is not able to be fertilised

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4
Q

what does the presence of two polar bodies imply?

A

completion of 2nd meiotic division

entry of sperm into egg

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5
Q

how long does the ovarian cycle normally last?

A

28 days

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6
Q

what are the two phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

follicular phase

luteal phase

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7
Q

what happens in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

maturation of ovum/preparation for ovulation

ovulation signals the end of the follicular phase

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8
Q

what happens in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

post ovulatory phase involving development of the corpus luteum

preparation of reproductive tract for pregnancy if fertilisation occurs

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9
Q

what is a primary follicle?

A

layer of granulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte that is capable of producing an ovum

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10
Q

what is a secondary follicle?

A

differentiated follicle due to oocyte growth, resulting in some follicles undergoing ovulation (signalling the end of the follicular phase)

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11
Q

what happens to follicular cells left behind that are not part of ovulation?

A

undergo luteinization

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12
Q

what happens in luteinisation?

A

transformation of follicular cells into the corpus luteum

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13
Q

what hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

progesterone

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14
Q

what is the importance of oestrogen and progesterone to the reproductive tract?

A

prepare the uterine lining for implantation

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15
Q

when is oestrogen secreted?

A

the follicular phase

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16
Q

when is progesterone secreted?

A

the luteal phase

17
Q

how long does the corpus luteum grow for following ovulation?

18
Q

if fertilisation does not occur, how long will the corpus luteum survive?

A

no longer than 14 days

19
Q

true or false: the degeneration of the corpus luteum signals the start of the next follicular phase of menstruation

20
Q

which hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to act on the anterior pituitary in hormonal control of the ovaries?

21
Q

which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary in the female gonadal axis?

22
Q

what does FSH do?

A

acts on the ovary to stimulate production of follicles and in turn stimulate oestradiol secretion

23
Q

what does LH do?

A

acts on the ovary to stimulate follicle maturation, ovulation and development of the corpus luteum

24
Q

what is the purpose of oestradiol?

A

thickens endometrium

thins cervical mucus

25
true or false: oestrogen suppresses FSH production
true
26
what are the three main clinical signs of detecting ovulation?
high progesterone at day 21 high LH spike increase in temperature by 1 degree
27
how does the corpus luteum know if fertilisation has taken place?
hCG production by the embryo at 12 days if this doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates
28
what is the corpus albicans?
the remnant/degenerated corpus luteum