Biochemistry - Renal

Question 1

list criteria that the ideal marker of GFR would fulfil

Answer 1

appear at a constant rate
freely filtered at glomerulus
not reabsorbed or secreted

Question 2

which substances fulfils all criteria for being an accurate measure of GFR, but is not usually used due to impracticality?

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

what is the most widely used marker for GFR?

Answer 3

creatinine

Question 4

which one of the criteria for being an accurate measure of GFR does creatinine not satisfy?

Answer 4

it is secreted in a small amount into the renal tubule

Question 5

true or false: creatinine is very sensitive to small reductions in GFR

Answer 5

false

only sensitive when a large reduction in GFR occurs

Question 6

state the equation for urinary creatinine clearance

Answer 6

[creatinine]urine x urine volume
/
[creatinine]serum x duration of collection

Question 7

which formula is now more regularly used to determine GFR?

Answer 7

MDRD eGFR formula

Question 8

which disease is characteristically associated with overflow proteinuria?

Answer 8

multiple myeloma

Question 9

what happens in glomerular proteinuria?

Answer 9

dysfunctional glomerulus allows protein to leak through, producing albuminuria and nephritic syndrome

Question 10

true or false: microalbuminuria refers to a small amount of albumin in the urine

Answer 10

false

refers to normal amounts in urine that is below the level detected by urine dipstick

Question 11

what is microalbuminuria and early warning sign for?

Answer 11

diabetic nephropathy