Foot and Ankle Injuries

Question 1

what is pes planus?

Answer 1

flat foot

loss of the medial arch of the foot

Question 2

what is the most common cause of acquired flatfoot deformity in adults?

Answer 2

tibialis posterior dysfunction

Question 3

what is a fairly specific finding of tibialis posterior dysfunction?

Answer 3

pain and swelling posterior to the medial malleolus

Question 4

what is pes cavus?

Answer 4

fixed plantar flexion of the foot

Question 5

list treatments for plantar fasciitis

Answer 5

NSAIDs
rest 
splints 
heel cups and arch support 
steroid injection

Question 6

what is hallux valgus?

Answer 6

tilting of big toe laterally, forming a bony lump medially

Question 7

what are the operative indications for hallux valgus?

Answer 7

failure of non op
pain and infiltration of little toes
ulceration
functional limitations

Question 8

list some features of rheumatoid foot

Answer 8

hallux valgus
subluxed MTPs
clawed toes
painful plantar calluses

Question 9

what is morton’s neuroma?

Answer 9

degenerative fibrosis of digital nerve near its bifurcation

Question 10

what are the key features of morton’s neuroma?

Answer 10

forefoot pain

burning or tingling toes

Question 11

what is the difference between tendinitis and tendinosis?

Answer 11

tendinitis = inflammation due to microtears

tendinosis = degeneration of collagen from chronic overuse

Question 12

in claw, hammer and mallet toe, what is the main deformity?

Answer 12

hyperextension

Question 13

in claw toe, which joints are flexed?

Answer 13

PIP

DIP

Question 14

in mallet toe, which joint is flexed?

Answer 14

DIP

Question 15

in hammer toe, which joint is flexed?

Answer 15

PIP