Foot and Ankle Conditions - CORTEXT Flashcards
what is hallux valgus?
lateral deviation of the big toe
true or false: hallux valgus is more common in males
false
females four times more likely
what is a bunion?
inflamed bursa over the first metatarsal head
list conservative treatment for hallux valgus
wearing more accommodating shoes
spacers between first webspace
true or false: surgery for cosmesis in hallux valgus is effective and patients are usually happy
false
what is hallux rigidus?
OA of the 1st metatarso-phalangeal joint
what is the gold standard surgical treatment for hallux rigidus?
arthrodesis
alleviates the pain but reduces motion
true or false: arthrodesis prevents women from wearing high heels
true
what is morton’s neuroma?
irritation of plantar interdigital nerves, causing inflammation and swelling
list clinical features of morton’s neuroma
pain and tingling radiating within toes
loss of sensation in webspace
what is a mulder’s positive click tests for morton’s neuroma?
compression of metatarsal heads causes symptoms/clicking
women are more affected by morton’s neuroma - what is a significant implicated cause of this?
high heels
where do metatarsal stress fractures usually occur?
2nd-3rd metatarsal
list aetiology for achilles tendonitis
repetitive strain
quinolone antibiotics
rheumatoid arthritis
gout
true or false: steroid injections are contraindicated at the achilles tendon
true
what clinical test is used to define tendon rupture?
simmonds test
no plantar flexion of the foot when the calf is squeezed
list proposed causative factors for plantar fasciitis
diabetes
obesity
walking on hard floors
poor cushioning in shoes
where does the tibialis posterior tendon predominantly insert?
navicular bone
what is pes cavus?
abnormal high arch of the foot
describe claw toes
hyperextension at MTPJ
hyperflexion at PIPJ + DIPJ
describe hammer toes
hyperextension at DIPJ and MTPJ
hyperflexion at PIPJ
describe mallet toes
hyperflexion at DIPJ
what is the most common cause of acquired pes planus in adults?
tibialis posterior dysfunction
what is a fairly specific finding in tibialis posterior dysfunction?
pain and swelling posterior to medial malleolus
