Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
what is the equation for calculating the therapeutic index of a drug?
LD50/ED50
name some drugs with a therapeutic index less than two (narrow therapeutic index)
digoxin theophylline warfarin lithium gentamicin
what is involved in phase one of drug metabolism?
oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis of the drug via cytochrome P450
what is involved in phase two of drug metabolism?
conjugation
excretion in urine/bile
true or false: most adverse drug reactions occur in phase two of drug metabolism
false
most occur in phase one
what is meant by a type A adverse drug reaction?
a predictable, dose dependent adverse reaction
list the different mechanisms of a type A adverse drug reaction in the kidney
pre renal failure
renal
post renal
drug interactions
what are the two main drugs that can contribute to pre renal failure?
diuretics
ACE inhibitors
both can cause volume depletion and reduced GFR
list the main drugs that cause acute tubular necrosis
gentamicin
sulphonamides
aspirin
what are the two main drugs that contribute to post renal failure?
methysergide
chemotherapy
ACE inhibitors increase the hypoglycemic effect of which drug used in diabetes?
sulfonylureas
which drugs can cause/worsen constipation?
calcium channel blockers
anti cholinergics
what drugs do potassium rich foods react with?
ACE inhibitors
potassium sparing diuretics
what drug do vitamin E and K rich foods react with?
warfarin
what is meant by type B adverse drug reaction?
idiosyncratic/unpredictable, dose independent reaction
