Buzzwords Flashcards
1
Q
which enzyme builds up in porphyria cutanea tarda?
A
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
2
Q
which porphyria is associated with a child with tingling/burning skin in direct sunlight?
A
erythropoietic protoporphyria
3
Q
what is the first line treatment for acne vulgaris?
A
benzoyl peroxide
4
Q
what is the first line treatment for acne rosacea?
A
topical metronidazole
5
Q
which enzyme builds up in acute intermittent porphyria?
A
PBG deaminase
6
Q
what skin condition has a stuck on appearance and looks like a brain?
A
basal cell papilloma
7
Q
what skin condition is associated with coeliac disease?
A
dermatitis herpetiformis
8
Q
what condition causes ash leaf spots, epilepsy and peringum slceroma?
A
tuberous sclerosis
9
Q
what condition causes honey-coloured crusting?
A
impetigo
10
Q
what condition causes small, umbilicated, translucent papules that look fluid filled but are solid?
A
molluscum contagiosum
11
Q
what condition causes a heliotrope rash?
A
dermatomyositis
12
Q
what condition causes target lesions?
A
erythema multiforme
13
Q
what condition is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
A
addison’s disease
14
Q
what is the most common bone tumour?
A
osteosarcoma
15
Q
a painful arc suggests damage to which rotator cuff muscle?
A
supraspinatus
16
Q
what nerve supplies the trapezius?
A
spinal accessory nerve
17
Q
what is used to treat shaft of femur fractures?
A
thomas splint
18
Q
which biologic causes reactivation of latent TB?
A
infliximab
19
Q
what does tingling in the ring and pinky fingers suggest?
A
cubital tunnel syndrome
20
Q
what is the first line treatment for necrotising fasciitis?
A
surgical debridement
21
Q
which rheumatoid drug causes black, tarry stool?
A
NSAIDs
22
Q
which rheumatoid drugs are nephrotoxic?
A
gold
penicillamine
23
Q
visual loss, oral and genital ulcers suggest which disease?
A
behcet’s syndrome
24
Q
which fracture typically produces a dinner fork deformity?
A
colles fracture
25
which structures may be damaged in a colles fracture?
median nerve
extensor pollicis longus
carpal bones
26
which fingers feel funny in carpal tunnel syndrome?
thumb
index finger
middle finger
half of the ring finger
27
how many x-ray views are taken for a scaphoid fracture?
two obliques
AP
lateral
28
a patient presents with bone pain, deformity and deafness, what is the likely differential?
paget's disease
29
name three side effects of methotrexate
bone marrow suppression
liver cirrhosis
pneumonitis
30
when is methotrexate contrainidcated?
pregnancy
31
name two side effects of sulfalazine
rash
| oligospermia
32
name two side effects of hydroxychloroquine
retinopathy
| corneal deposits
33
name four side effects of prednisolone
cushing' syndrome
osteoporosis
impaired glucose tolerance
cataracts
34
name two side effects of gold and penicillamine
proteinuria
| nephropathy
35
what disease produces a pencil in cup appearance on x-ray?
psoriatic arthritis
36
what disease causes wrist drop?
radial nerve palsy
37
what syndrome classically causes arthritis, uveitis and urethritis?
reiter's syndrome
38
damage to which nerve causes foot drop?
common fibular nerve
39
what is another name for the common fibular nerve?
peroneal nerve
40
how is an intracapsular hip fracture managed?
hemiarthroplasty
41
what does a sagging rope sign suggest?
AVN
42
what does an onion-peel sign suggest?
ewing's sarcoma
43
what does sunray spiculation on x-ray suggest?
osteosarcoma
44
what does popcorn calcification on x-ray suggest?
chondrosarcoma
45
what does a soap bubble appearance on x-ray suggest?
giant cell tumour
46
what does a rosary bead sign suggest?
polyarteritis nodosa
47
what does a shepherd's crook deformity suggest?
fibrous dysplasia
48
how do you treat endometrial polyps?
myomectomy
49
which insulin do you give once a day?
basal (long acting)
i.e. Lantus
50
which diabetic drug is weight neutral?
DPP-IV inhibitor
e.g. sitagliptin
51
what does strawberry milkshake blood suggest?
hyperlipidaemia
52
describe the calcium, phosphate and ALP levels in paget's disease
calcium normal
phosphate normal
ALP high
53
which hormone forms the basis of pregnancy tests?
hCG
54
which hormone tests for fertility?
progesterone
55
describe the calcium, phosphate and ALP levels in osteomalacia
calcium low
phosphate low
ALP high
56
where is the site of spermatogenesis?
seminiferous tubules
57
which cells, acted on by LH, secrete testosterone?
leydig cells
58
which cells, acted on by FSH, enhance spermatogensis?
sertoli cells
59
what disease causes catecholamines in urine, headaches and hypertension?
pheochromocytoma
60
what causes moon face?
cushing's disease
61
what causes orphan annie nuclei?
papillary thyroid cancer
62
what causes psammoma bodies?
papillary thyroid cancer
63
what causes anosmia and GnRH deficiency?
kallman's syndrome
64
at what age should a child have a social smile?
six weeks
65
at what age can a child build a tower of three bricks and enjoy picture books?
eighteen months
66
which artery provides oxygenated blood in the foetus?
placental vein
67
what is a recent vaccine introduced in children?
rotavirus
68
what chromosome is affected in edward's syndrome?
eighteen
69
what chromosome is affected in patau syndrome?
thirteen
70
what chromosome is affected in down syndrome?
twenty one
71
what does the ADHD triad consist of?
hyperactivity
impulsivity
inattention
72
what does the autism triad consist of?
communication
behaviour
language
73
what happens as a result of compression of CN VII in the facial canal?
bell's palsy
74
which syndrome is due to reactivation of VZV in the geniculate ganglion of CN VII?
ramsay hunt syndrome
75
list the factors that make up the centor criteria
no cough
fever
cervical lymphadenopathy
tonsillar exudate
76
what does fluid level behind the ear drum/retracted drum suggest?
otitis media with effusion
77
what does difficulty at school and hearing loss suggest?
glue ear
78
what does a feeling of fullness in the ear suggest?
meniere's disease
79
what does a loss of corneal reflex with sensorineural hearing loss suggest?
vestibular schwannoma
80
what does bilateral vestibular schwannoma in a child suggest?
neurofibromatosis type II
81
what does cheesy ear discharge suggest?
cholesteatoma
82
what does saddle nose suggest?
wegener's granulomatosis
83
what motor neuron disease is associated with optic neuritis?
multiple sclerosis
84
what does LR6 mean?
lateral rectus is supplied by CN VI
85
what does SO4 mean?
superior oblique is supplied by CN IV
86
what does AO3 mean?
recti, levator palpebrae superioris and sphincter pupillae are all supplied by CN III
87
what does a cherry red spot on the macula suggest?
central retinal artery occlusion
88
what does a teardrop sign suggest?
blow out fracture
89
what does failure to adduct in the affected eye and nystagmus in the abducting eye suggest?
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
an issue with medial longitudinal fasiculus
90
what does "curtain coming down" suggest?
amaurosis fugax
91
what does "curtain coming down" longer than five minutes suggest?
retinal detachment
92
what do flashes and floaters suggest?
retinal detachment
93
what do gritty eyes suggest?
bacterial conjunctivitis
94
what do watery eyes and enlarged preauricular lymph nodes suggest?
viral conjunctivitis
95
what does a loss of red reflex and a red eye suggest?
haemorrhage
96
what does neovascularization and haemorrhage suggest?
wet ARMD
97
what causes follicular conjunctivitis?
chlamydia
98
what causes pinpoint pupils?
opiate overdose
99
what causes "down and out" eyes?
CN III palsy
100
what causes roth spots?
infective endocarditis
101
what causes brushfield spots?
down's syndrome
102
what dauses drusen?
dry ARMD
103
what is the first line treatment fo BPH?
alpha blockers
i.e. tamsulosin
104
what is the first line investigation for hydrocele?
doppler USS with colour
105
which glomerulonephritis is associated with henoch-schonlien purpura?
IgA nephropathy
106
true or false: membranous nephropathy causes malignancy
true
107
what is the official name for viagra?
sildenafil
108
where does the bulbourethral gland lie?
posterior to the membranous urethra
109
splitting of which structure would prevent seminal fluid from entering the urethra?
bladder sphincter
110
what covers the testes?
tunica vaginalis
111
true or false: peritoneal dialysis causes weight gain
true
112
which vessel gives rise to the gonadal arteries?
abdominal aorta
113
which vessel gives rise to the right gonadal vein?
IVC
114
which vessel gives rise to the left gonadal vein?
left renal vein
115
what causes cannonball metastasis?
renal cell carcinoma that metastasises to the lungs
116
what causes a "sea anemone" sign?
transitional cell carcinoma
117
what organism causes foul smelling urine?
proteus sp.
118
what causes muddy brown casts?
acute tubular necrosis
119
what causes a "potato tumour"?
testicular seminoma
120
what causes a blue dot sign?
hydatid of morgagni
121
what causes an apple-green birefringence congo red stain?
amyloidosis
