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Y2 Revision > Pharmacology - Dermatology > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: immunologically mediated skin reactions are dose dependent

A

false

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2
Q

true or false: non immunologically mediated skin reactions can be dose dependent

A

true

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3
Q

how to urticarial drug eruptions usually arise?

A

IgE mediated hypersensitivity

drug induced mast cell degranulation

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4
Q

which drugs tend to cause pustular/bullous drug reactions?

A

glucocorticoids
androgens
hypertensives

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5
Q

which drugs are commonly associated with fixed drug eruptions, that are well-demarcated and round?

A

tetracycline antibiotics
paracetamol
NSAIDs

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6
Q

what are the three major routes of drug administration through the skin?

A

topical
transdermal
subcutaneous

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7
Q

what is the single most important barrier to drug administration?

A

stratum corneum

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8
Q

is the stratum corneum hydrophilic or lipophilic?

A

lipophilic

means it absorbs lipid soluble drugs

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9
Q

what are vehicles that drugs are often found in?

A

pharmacologically inactive substances that carry the drug

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10
Q

list some examples of drug vehicles

A 
ointments 
creams 
gels 
lotions 
pastes
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11
Q

true or false: a drug must exit its vehicles if it is to penetrate the stratum corneum

A

true

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12
Q

true or false: the higher the Km of a drug, the better it will enter the skin

A

true

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13
Q

true or false: a lipophilic drug in a hydrophilic vehicle will absorb poorly in the skin

A

false

they absorb very well

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14
Q

true or false: a lipophilic drug in a lipophilic vehicle will absorb very well in the skin

A

false

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15
Q

why won’t a hydrophilic drug in a lipophilic vehicle absorb very well?

A

cant penetrate the stratum corneum

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16
Q

what enhances the absorption of a drug in the skin?

A

excipients

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17
Q

what are creams?

A

semi solid emulsion of oil and water containing an emulsifier and a preservative

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18
Q

true or false: creams are cooling and greasy

A

false

not greasy

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19
Q

what is the danger of the preservative in creams?

A

may cause an allergic reaction

20
Q

what are ointments?

A

semi-solid mix of grease and oil containing soft paraffin

21
Q

what is the benefit of ointments?

A

effective at restricting transepidermal water loss

22
Q

what is the downside of ointments?

A

they are not cosmetically attractive as they are very greasy

23
Q

what are lotions?

A

a suspension of medication in a liquid

24
Q

what are gels?

A

a thickened aqueous solution containing high molecular weight polymers

25
Q

what is the downside of pastes?

A

they are stiff and difficult to apply

26
Q

what is the function of emollients?

A

they enhance the hydration of the epidermis

27
Q

what conditions are emollients used for?

A

dry scaly conditions such as eczema

28
Q

when are wet wraps frequently used and how are they applied?

A

for very dry skin

wrapped around moisturised skin to lock in the moisture

29
Q

what are the three actions of topical steroids on the skin?

A

anti inflammatory
anti proliferative
vasoconstrictive

30
Q

name a mild steroid for skin disease

A

hydrocortisone

31
Q

name a moderate steroid for skin disease

A

modrasone

32
Q

name a potent steroid for skin disease

A

mometasone

33
Q

name a very potent steroid for skin disease

A

clobetasol

34
Q

how many grams of steroid are equivalent to one fingerprint unit?

A

0.5g

35
Q

how many hand areas are one fingerprint unit?

A

two

36
Q

what is meant by tachyphylaxis to steroid?

A

the steroid becomes less effective despite a maintained dosage

37
Q

what conditions is a potassium permanganate bath useful for?

A

exudative eczema

pompholyx

38
Q

what is pompholyx?

A

exudative eczema restricted to the hands and feet

forms watery blisters

very itchy

39
Q

name topical antibiotics used for acne

A

tetracycline
clindamycin
erythromycin

40
Q

what is the main antibiotic used for rosacea?

A

metronidazole

41
Q

list some antipruritics

A

menthol
capsaicin
phenol

42
Q

what are keratolytics used for?

A

softening keratin

43
Q

name a keratolytic

A

salicylic acid

44
Q

besides emollients, what other drugs can be used for psoriasis?

A

coal tar
vitamine D analogues
keratolytics
topical steroids

45
Q

which cream has been shown to be effective for pre cancerous skin lesions?

A

aldara cream

imiquimod

Y2 Revision (95 decks)

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