Pharmacology - Dermatology

Question 1

true or false: immunologically mediated skin reactions are dose dependent

Answer 1

false

Question 2

true or false: non immunologically mediated skin reactions can be dose dependent

Answer 2

true

Question 3

how to urticarial drug eruptions usually arise?

Answer 3

IgE mediated hypersensitivity

drug induced mast cell degranulation

Question 4

which drugs tend to cause pustular/bullous drug reactions?

Answer 4

glucocorticoids
androgens
hypertensives

Question 5

which drugs are commonly associated with fixed drug eruptions, that are well-demarcated and round?

Answer 5

tetracycline antibiotics
paracetamol
NSAIDs

Question 6

what are the three major routes of drug administration through the skin?

Answer 6

topical
transdermal
subcutaneous

Question 7

what is the single most important barrier to drug administration?

Answer 7

stratum corneum

Question 8

is the stratum corneum hydrophilic or lipophilic?

Answer 8

lipophilic

means it absorbs lipid soluble drugs

Question 9

what are vehicles that drugs are often found in?

Answer 9

pharmacologically inactive substances that carry the drug

Question 10

list some examples of drug vehicles

Answer 10

ointments 
creams 
gels 
lotions 
pastes

Question 11

true or false: a drug must exit its vehicles if it is to penetrate the stratum corneum

Answer 11

true

Question 12

true or false: the higher the Km of a drug, the better it will enter the skin

Answer 12

true

Question 13

true or false: a lipophilic drug in a hydrophilic vehicle will absorb poorly in the skin

Answer 13

false

they absorb very well

Question 14

true or false: a lipophilic drug in a lipophilic vehicle will absorb very well in the skin

Answer 14

false

Question 15

why won’t a hydrophilic drug in a lipophilic vehicle absorb very well?

Answer 15

cant penetrate the stratum corneum

Question 16

what enhances the absorption of a drug in the skin?

Answer 16

excipients

Question 17

what are creams?

Answer 17

semi solid emulsion of oil and water containing an emulsifier and a preservative

Question 18

true or false: creams are cooling and greasy

Answer 18

false

not greasy

Question 19

what is the danger of the preservative in creams?

Answer 19

may cause an allergic reaction

Question 20

what are ointments?

Answer 20

semi-solid mix of grease and oil containing soft paraffin

Question 21

what is the benefit of ointments?

Answer 21

effective at restricting transepidermal water loss

Question 22

what is the downside of ointments?

Answer 22

they are not cosmetically attractive as they are very greasy

Question 23

what are lotions?

Answer 23

a suspension of medication in a liquid

Question 24

what are gels?

Answer 24

a thickened aqueous solution containing high molecular weight polymers

Question 25

what is the downside of pastes?

Answer 25

they are stiff and difficult to apply

Question 26

what is the function of emollients?

Answer 26

they enhance the hydration of the epidermis

Question 27

what conditions are emollients used for?

Answer 27

dry scaly conditions such as eczema

Question 28

when are wet wraps frequently used and how are they applied?

Answer 28

for very dry skin wrapped around moisturised skin to lock in the moisture

Question 29

what are the three actions of topical steroids on the skin?

Answer 29

anti inflammatory anti proliferative vasoconstrictive

Question 30

name a mild steroid for skin disease

Answer 30

hydrocortisone

Question 31

name a moderate steroid for skin disease

Answer 31

modrasone

Question 32

name a potent steroid for skin disease

Answer 32

mometasone

Question 33

name a very potent steroid for skin disease

Answer 33

clobetasol

Question 34

how many grams of steroid are equivalent to one fingerprint unit?

Answer 34

0.5g

Question 35

how many hand areas are one fingerprint unit?

Answer 35

two

Question 36

what is meant by tachyphylaxis to steroid?

Answer 36

the steroid becomes less effective despite a maintained dosage

Question 37

what conditions is a potassium permanganate bath useful for?

Answer 37

exudative eczema | pompholyx

Question 38

what is pompholyx?

Answer 38

exudative eczema restricted to the hands and feet forms watery blisters very itchy

Question 39

name topical antibiotics used for acne

Answer 39

tetracycline clindamycin erythromycin

Question 40

what is the main antibiotic used for rosacea?

Answer 40

metronidazole

Question 41

list some antipruritics

Answer 41

menthol capsaicin phenol

Question 42

what are keratolytics used for?

Answer 42

softening keratin

Question 43

name a keratolytic

Answer 43

salicylic acid

Question 44

besides emollients, what other drugs can be used for psoriasis?

Answer 44

coal tar vitamine D analogues keratolytics topical steroids

Question 45

which cream has been shown to be effective for pre cancerous skin lesions?

Answer 45

aldara cream | imiquimod