Physiology - Ophthalmology Flashcards
In order to see an object, what 4 things must happen?
Pattern of object must fall on photoreceptors on retina
Light regulation
Energy transduction
Reception of electrical signals by brain
Which cells are involved in the direct vertical pathway for light signal transmission?
Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells
Photoreceptors
What are the 4 types of photoreceptors?
Rods
3 types of cones
Lateral connections in the retina aid signal transmission. How do horizontal cells assist?
Receive input from photoreceptors + project to other photoreceptors and bipolar cells
Lateral connections in the retina aid signal transmission. How do amacrine cells assist?
Receive input from bipolar cells + project to ganglion, bipolar and other amacrine cells
Light penetrates which cells of the retina first?
Ganglion cells
What is the purpose of photoreceptors?
Convert light energy to electrical/neural energy (transduction)
What is visual acuity and how is it determined?
Ability to distinguish two nearby points
Determined by photoreceptor spacing + refractive power
Rods help us see in which kind of light - dim or day light?
Dim light
Cones help us see in which kind of light - dim or day light?
Day light
you eat ice cream CONES during the DAY
There is more light convergence in the cones system. True/False?
False
More convergence in rods
There are more rods than cones. True/False?
True
Where are cones located?
On the fovea (centre of retina)
Cones are specialised and perceive specific wavelengths of light. True/False?
True
Where are rods located?
Peripheral retina
