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gross anatomy > Urogenital system I > Flashcards

Urogenital system I Flashcards

1
Q

Does the duration of urination change with body size?

A

Not really

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2
Q

What are the parts of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

What is the major function of the kidney?

A

Form urine from blood

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4
Q

What is the ratio of blood perfused in kidneys to amount of urine created?

A

1000L blood : 1L urine

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5
Q

Where is renin made?

A

In endocrine glands INSIDE kidney

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6
Q

What 2 hormones do kidneys produce?

A

Renin

Erythropoietin

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7
Q

Are kidneys covered by parietal peritoneum?

A

Only ventral surface

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8
Q

Which kidney is more variable in position?

A

Left

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9
Q

Why are kidneys considered retroperitoneal?

A

Located behind the peritoneum

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10
Q

By which vertebrae is the right kidney located?

A

T13 - L3

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11
Q

By which vertebrae is the left kidney located?

A

L2 - L4

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12
Q

Which animal has a weird looking kidne?

A

Cow

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13
Q

What does the dorsal surface of the kidneys contact?

A

lumbar hypaxial muscles

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14
Q

Does the dorsal surface of the kidneys have parietal peritoneum?

A

No

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15
Q

What does the ventral surface of the kidneys come in contact with?

A

Abdominal cavity

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16
Q

What does the lateral border of the right kidney contact?

A

Abdominal wall

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17
Q

What does the lateral border of the left kidney contact?

A

Spleen

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18
Q

What does the medial border of the right kidney contact?

A

caudal vena cava

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19
Q

What does the medial border of the left kidney contact?

A

Abdominal aorta

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20
Q

What does the cranial pole of the right kidney contact?

A

Caudate process of liver

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21
Q

What does the cranial pole of the left kidney contact?

A

Left lobe of pancreas

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22
Q

What does the caudal pole of the right kidney contact?

A

Ascending colon

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23
Q

What does the caudal pole of the left kidney contact?

A

Descending colon

Mesovarium

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24
Q

Where does the ureter connect to the kidney?

A

Hilus

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25
Q

What is the renal sinus?

A

Recess from hilus that contains renal pelvis, fat and renal vessels

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26
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Dilation of ureter in kidney

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27
Q

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

A

Receives urine from papillary ducts and passes it to ureter

28
Q

What is the pelvic recess?

A

Curved diverticula of renal pelvis

29
Q

Where are the pelvic recesses located?

A

Between renal pyramids

30
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the kidney made from?

A

Mostly collagen and a few elastic fibers

31
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the kidney capsule having few elastic fibers?

A

Cannot swell with internal pressure

32
Q

Can the fibrous capsule be stripped from a healthy kidney?

A

Yes

33
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Outer portion of renal parenchyma

34
Q

Why does the cortex have a granular appearance?

A

Renal corpuscles open to nephron

35
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

Inner portion of renal parenchyma

36
Q

What gives the renal medulla a striated appearance?

A

Medullary rays

37
Q

What is the function of the renal crest?

A

Urine drips from renal crest via papillary ducts to renal pelvis

38
Q

What are openings of the papillary ducts called?

A

Papillary foramina

39
Q

Where are renal papillae located?

A

Apex of renal pyramid

40
Q

What do renal pyramids represent?

A

Lobes of kidneys

41
Q

Are kidneys palpable?

A

Yes, both

42
Q

Where do the renal veins dump to?

A

Caudal vena cava

43
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

Carry urine from kidney to bladder

44
Q

When does the pelvic ureter differentiate from the renal urter?

A

Entering genital fold (male) or broad ligament of uterus (female)

45
Q

Does the ureter open on the dorsal or ventral surface of bladder?

A

Obliquely dorsal

46
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the ureter entering the bladder obliquely?

A

Prevents reflux of urine in to ureter as pressure rises but does not prevent further filling of bladder

47
Q

Which segment of the bladder has a remnant of the urachus?

A

Apex

48
Q

Is the bladder covered by greater omentum?

A

No

49
Q

What does the trigone of the bladder consist of?

A

2 ureteric orifices

Internal urethral orifice

50
Q

What is the functions of the 2 lateral ligaments of the bladder?

A

COnnect bladder to pelvis wall

51
Q

The free edge of the lateral ligaments is called the round ligament of the bladder, what is the embeyonic equivalent?

A

Umbilical arteries

52
Q

What is the function of the median ligament of the bladder?

A

Connects ventral surface of the bladder to linea alba

53
Q

What embryonic remnants are present in the median ligament of the bladder?

A

Urachus

54
Q

What are the 2 parts of the male urethra?

A

Pelvic (internal)

Penile (external)

55
Q

What is the scrotal raphe?

A

External mark of the scrotal spetum

56
Q

Which testis usually is farther caudal?

A

Left

57
Q

What are the 2 layers of the scrotum?

A

Skin

Tunica dartos

58
Q

What is the function of the tunica dartos?

A

Smooth muscle layer to pull testes close to body

59
Q

What is the function of the scrotal ligament?

A

Connect tunica dartos to ligament of the tail of the epididymis

60
Q

What is unique about the cat testis and penis?

A

Testes located ventral to the anus

Penis angled caudally

61
Q

What connective tissue layers enclose the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis
Spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia

62
Q

What is the clinical spermatic cord?

A

All vessels, nerves contained in vaginal tunic & cremaster muscle

63
Q

What is located within vaginal tunic?

A

Pampiniform plexus
Nerves
Not cremaster muscle

64
Q

What muscle does the external spermatic fascia originate from?

A

External abdominal oblique

65
Q

Where does the internal spermatic fascia originate from?

A

Transverse fascia

66
Q

What are the 7 scrotal layers from superficial to deep?

A 
Skin
Tunica dartos
Scrotal septum
External spermatic fascia
Parietal layer of vaginal tunic
visceral layer of vaginal tunic
Tunica albuginea

gross anatomy (28 decks)

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