Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Anatomy > Cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 loops of general circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation & systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

Takes blood from the heart to the lungs and back

Low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is systemic circlation

A

Blood distributed from the heart through the body and back

High pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which way do arteries take the blood?

A

Away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which way do veins take the blood?

A

Toward the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does blood leave the heart

A

Either through pulmonary artery (right ventricle) or aorta (left ventricle) to smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, to veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many times does blood flow through capillaries?

A

Once except the portal system (2 capillary beds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What portal systems are there?

A

Hepatic portal system

Hypothalamic-hyophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are portal systems for?

A

Drug Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Surgeon’s pericardal sac?

A

3 layers
Pericardial mediastinal pleura
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Lines the lumen of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which ventricle has thicker myocardal muscle?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What surrounds the outside of the heart?

A

Visceral serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Visceral serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is myocardium?

A

Myocardial muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Angled caudally & to the left between the 3rd and 6th intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the conduction system

A 
Sinoatrial node (starts signal)
Atrioventricular node (slows signal)

Purkinje fibers (conduct impulses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the trabecula septomarginalis

A

A septum that conducts purkinje fibers across the lumen of the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is the AV node important?

A

It slows the signal to ensure that the atria contract before ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the base of the heart?

Apex?

A

Base of the heart is located cranially

Apex is located caudoventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the auricular portion of the wall? The atrial?

A

Auricular portion of the heart touches the left thoracic wall

Atrial portion of the heart touches the right thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the coronary groove?

A

Dorsal auricular groove between left atrium and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the subsinuosal groove?

A

Dorsal groove between left and right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the paraconal interventricular groove

A

Ventral aspect on the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the conous arteriosis?

A

Conical pouch located on the upper left angle of the right ventricle that leads to the pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the divisions of the right atrium?

A

Main part: Sinus venarum

Blind part: right auricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What in flow of blood is associated with the right atrium?

A

Cranial vena cava
Caudal vena cava
Coronary sinus - venous return to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What out flow of blood is associated with the right atrium?

A

Right atrioventricular orifice (blood flow from atrium to ventricle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the intervenous tubercle?

A

Located in the right atrium and diverts inflowing blood from caval veins in to right AV orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the pectinate muscles?

A

Located in right atrium

Interlacing muscles to strengthen atrial wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the in flowing blood supply to the right ventricle?

A

Right AV orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where is the right AV valve located?

A

In the AV orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the out flowing blood supply to the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary trunk

34
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

In the pulmonary trunk

35
Q

What are the papillary muscles?

A

Conical shaped muscular projections that give rise to the chordae tendinae

36
Q

What are the chordae tendinae?

A

Parachute cords that prevent the eversion of the AV valves

37
Q

What are trabeculae carnae?

A

myocardial ridges on the lining of ventricles

38
Q

What is the in flow to the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

39
Q

What is the out flow of the left atrium?

A

Left AV orifice (location of left AV valve)

40
Q

What other features does the left atrium consist of?

A

Left auricle

pectinate muscles

41
Q

What is the in flow for the left ventricle?

A

Left AV orifice

42
Q

What is the outflow for the left venticle?

A

Aortic orifice (location of Aortic valve)

43
Q

What features does the left ventricle consist of?

A

Same as right but more robust

Papillary muscles, chordae tendinae, trabeculae carnae

44
Q

What are the coronary arteries?

A

Arise from ascending aorta

Left coronary & right coronary

45
Q

Which side of the circulatory pattern is more developed?

A

Left side

46
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Circumflex, subsinuosal interventricular, paraconal interventricular, septal

47
Q

What are the branches of the cardiac veins?

A

Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Coronary sinus

48
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

A collection of veins that collect blood from the heart muscle and delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

49
Q

What is sytole

A

Cardiac contraction

50
Q

What is diastole

A

Cardiac relaxation

51
Q

What does the lub sound mean

A

Closure of AV valves (atrial contraction)

52
Q

What does the dub sound mean

A

Closure of semi-lunar valves (ventricle contraction)

53
Q

What is a murmur?

A

The sound from turbulent blood flow

54
Q

What causes murmurs?

A

Leaky valves, Narrow valves (AV[systole], semilunar[diastole])

55
Q

Where is the pulmonary point of maximal intensity felt?

A

Low in the left 3rd intercostal space

56
Q

Where is the aortic PMI felt?

A

High in the left 4th intercostal space

57
Q

Where is the left AV valve?

A

Low in the left 5th intercostal space

58
Q

Where is the right AV valve?

A

Low in the right 4-5th intercostal space

59
Q

What is aortic stenosis?

A

Systolic murmur

60
Q

What are the two principal branches of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, aorta

61
Q

What branch comes from the aorta?

A

Left subclavian

62
Q

What branches come from the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right subclavian, left common carotid artery and right common carotid artery

63
Q

Where does the vertebral artery run through?

A

Transverse foramen

64
Q

Where does the thoracic artery associate?

A

Caudal surface of the rib

65
Q

When does the axillary artery begin?

A

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after the first rib

66
Q

What veins form the cranial vena cava?

A

Right external jugular vein
Subclavian vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Left brachiocephalic vein

67
Q

How is lymph returned to the venous system?

A

Thoracic duct

Right lymphatic duct

68
Q

Characteristics of the thoracic ducts

A

Empties near the left venous angle

Receives lymph from 3/4 of the body

69
Q

Characteristics of the right lymphatic duct

A

Empties near the right venous angle

Receives lymph from the right half of the head, neck and right thoracic limb and shoulder

70
Q

What are the unique features of fetal circulation?

A

Shrunken lungs are nonfunctional and resistant to blood flow

Oxygenation and nutrient waste exchange occurs in the placenta

71
Q

What circulatory structures are necessary in the fetus?

A 
Umbilical arteries
Umbilical vein
Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
72
Q

What are the umbilical arteries?

A

originates from the internal iliac arteries.

Umbilical arteries carry fetal blood through the umbilical cord to placenta for nutrient waste exchange

73
Q

What is the umbilical vein?

A

Returns fetal blood from placenta to the fetus

74
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A

A channel in the fetal liver for the umbilical vein

75
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

Passage through the interatrial septum that allows blood to bypass the lungs from the right to left atrium

76
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A

Vascular connection between the pumonary trunk and the aorta which allows most of the blood to pass from the right ventricle directly to the aorta

77
Q

How does the foramen ovale work?

A

Pressure in the right fetal atrium is higher than the left. Blood moves to left atrium

78
Q

What are the lung changes that occur at birth?

A

Lungs inflate decreasing pulmonary resistance

Increased pulmonary blood flow

Increased pressure from venous return to the left atrium closes foramen ovale

79
Q

What are the circulatory changes that occur at birth?

A

Increased pO2 causes smooth muscle contraction and the closing of umbilical arteries, umbilical vein, ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus

80
Q

What changes occur over time after birth?

A

umbilical arteries regress to form round ligaments of the urinary bladder

umbilical vein becomes round ligament of the liver

In the liver, ductus venosus becomes ligamentum venosum

Ductus arteriosus becomes ligamentum arteriosum

Foramen ovale fibroses to become fossa ovalis

81
Q

If the foramen ovale does not close, are there patholigcal signs?

A

Not generally because the higher left atrium pressure keeps the valve of the foramen ovale closed

Gross Anatomy (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions