LAB - arteries, nerves, injuries Flashcards
What are the artery components of the superficial dorsal network on forepaw?
Cranial superficial antebrachial - lateral & medial branches
What are the artery components of the deep dorsal artery network of the forepaw?
Caudal interosseous (main) Radial (small)
What is another word for the deep dorsal artery network?
Dorsal carpal rete
What are the artery components of the superficial palmar arch of the forepaw?
Median (main)
Superficial branch of caudal interosseus (small)
What are they artery components of the deep palmar arch of the forepaw?
Deep branch of caudal interosseus (main)
Radial (small)
What are the arteries of the superficial dorsal forepaw called?
Dorsal common digital arteries
What are the arteries of the deep dorsal forepaw called?
Dorsal metacarpal arteries
What are the arteries of the superficial palmar arch called?
Palmar common digital arteries
What are the arteries of the deep palmar arch called?
Palmar metacarpal arteries
What veins are part of the superficial venous system?
Cephalic, accessory cephalic, , omobrachial, axillobrachial, median cubital
What veins are part of the deep venous system?
Axillary, brachial
Which veins serve as a connection between the deep and superficial veins?
Median cubital
Axillobrachial
What are the main lymph nodes?
Superficial cervical
Axillary
Are superficial cervical lymph nodes constant? Palpable?
Both constant and palpable
Are axillary lymph nodes constant? Palpable?
Constant but not palpable
Are accessory lymph nodes constant? Palpable?
Inconstant but usually palpable
Afferent lymph vessels of the superficial cervical lymph node
Lateral thoracic limb
Caudal portion of the head, part of the ear, lateral surface of the neck
Efferent lymph vessels of the superficial cervical lymph
Thoracic duct (left side)
Right tracheal trunk (right side)
External jugular vein (both sides)
Afferent lymph vessels of axillary lymph node
Thoracic & cranial abdominal mamma
Skin of shoulder and arm
All bones except digits
Humeral, cubital, caral joints
Muscles of thoracic limb
Accessory axillary lymph node
Efferent lymph vessels of axillary lymph node
External jugular vein
Thoracic duct (left)
Left & right tracheal trunk
Where is the accessory lymph node located?
2 to 3rd intercostal space
What are the afferent vessels of the accessory lymph node?
Thoracic and cranial abdominal mamma
Skin of lateral and ventral thoracic wall
Lateral and medial regions of shoulder, arm, elbow
Efferent vessels of of accessory lymph node
Axillary lymph node
What nerves form the brachial plexus?
Sixth cervical nerve Seventh cervical Nerve Eighth cervical nerve Thoracic nerve 1 Thoracic nerve 2
What does the brachial plexus innervate?
Extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of thoracic limb
Skin of thoracic limb
Lateral wall of thorax
Why are there no cell bodies in the brachial plexus?
Cell bodies are located within the grey matter of the ventral horn
Efferent nerve travels from ventral horn to effector muscle
Afferents synapse in dorsal root ganglion
What nerves innervate the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limbs?
Thoracodorsal Lateral Long thoracic Cranial pectoral Caudal pectoral
What nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?
Suprascapular Subscapular Axillary Musculocutaneous Radial Median Ulnar
Which nerves have cutaneous branches?
Nerves of the intrinsic muscles except supra- subscapular
Axillary Musculocutaneous Radial Median Ulnar
What is the cutaneous area?
The total area of skin that is innervated by a given cutaneous nerve
What are the 2 zones of the cutaneous area?
Overlap zone: innervated by two or more cutaneous nerves, located at the periphery of the cutaneous area
Autonomous zone: centrally located within the CA
Innervated by only 1 nerve
How to test for cutaneous sensation?
- Grasp a small fold of skin
- Pinch with increasing intensity until reaction occurs or obviously no reaction
Any reflex or reaction indicates the nerve is working
What muscle does the lateral thoracic nerve innervate?
Cutaneous trunci
What is the panniculus relfex
Mild compression of the skin sends signal via dorsal branches of lumbar/thoracic nerves (C8-L3) and results in contraction of cutaneous trunci
What does an injury to the suprascapular do?
Atrophy of supraspinatus & infraspinatus
Lateral abduction of shoulder “Shoulder slip”
What does an injury to the muscolucutaneous nerve do?
Paralyze the main flexor muscles of the cubital joint
Where does the axillary nerve pass from the medial to the lateral side?
Proximal to teres major
What are the cutaneous branches of the axillary nerve?
Cranial lateral cutaneous brachial (lateral head of triceps)
Cranial cutaneous antebrachial
What is the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Medial cutaneous antebrachial
Where does the radial nerve pass from the medial to lateral side?
Distal to teres major
What branches of the radial nerve innervate the extensor muscles of the cubital joint?
Tricipital branches
What are the 2 main branches of the radial nerve?
Superficial branch
Deep branch
What nerve runs with the cephalic vein & cranial superficial antebrachial arteries?
Superficial branch of radial nerve has medial & lateral branch
What is the purpose of the Lateral cutaneous antebrachial nerve branch from the superficial radial?
Innervates skin
Dorsal common digital nerves (II, III, IV)
What is the purpose of the medial branch of the superficial radial?
Dorsal common digital nerves (Lateral)
What is the cutaneous area of the deep radial nerve?
Craniolateral aspect of antebrachium and carpus, and dorsal aspect of forepaw
What would an injury to the radial nerve proximal to the tricipital branches do?
Paralysis of extensor muscles of cubital joint, extendors muscles of carpal and digital joints
Flaccid thoracic limb, no weight-bearing, foot is dragged with dorsal surface on the ground
What would an injury to the radial nerve distal to the tricipital branches do?
Paralysis of the extensor muscles of the carpal and digital joints
Limb is weight bearing but “knuckling” occurs and dorsal surface of forepaw rests on ground
What nerve innervates the palmar aspect of the distal limb?
Medial and lateral branches of median nerve
What is the cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve?
Caudal cutaneous antebrachial
What are the muscular branches of the ulnar nerve?
Dorsal and palmar branch
Which branch innervates the palmar surface of the carpus, metacarpus & digits?
Palmar branch of ulnar nerve
Which branch innervates the lateral surface of the 5th digit?
Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve
Which ulnar branch innervates the interosseous muscles?
Palmar branch of ulnar nerve
What is the cutaneous area of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Medial aspect of antebrachium
What is the cutaneous area of the axillary nerve?
Lateral aspect of brachium
Cranial aspect of antebrachium
What is the cutaneous area of the radial nerve?
Craniolateral aspect of antebrachium & carpus
Dorsal aspect of forepaw
What is the cutaneous area for the median nerve?
Palmar aspect of metacarpus and digits
What is the cutaneous area for ulnar nerve?
Caudal aspect of antebrachium
Palmar surface of carpus, metacarpus, digits
Lateral surface of 5th digit
What is the cutaneous area for the brachiocephalic nerve?
cranioventral aspect of chest
What is the cutaneous area for the ventral cutaneous branch?
Craniodorsal aspect of scapula
What are the nerves on the dorsal forepaw called? What nerves make up this network?
Dorsal common digital nerves (Superficial nerves) - Lateral branch of Superficial radial
What are the nerves on the palmar forepaw called? What are the nerve components?
Palmar common digital nerves - median nerve
Palmar metacarpal nerves - Palmar branch of ulnar nerve)
