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Gross Anatomy > Thoracic wall > Flashcards

Thoracic wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are sternal/true ribs

A

Ribs that attach to the sternum (ribs 1-9)

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2
Q

What are asternal/false ribs

A

Caudal to the sternum (ribs 10-13)

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3
Q

What is the costal arch

A

United costal cartilages of ribs 10-12

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4
Q

What is the floating rib

A

13th rib does not make contact with the costal arch and floats freely in the flank

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5
Q

What are the thoracic cavity boundaries?

A 
Cranial: thoracic inlet
Dorsal: thoracic vertebral bodies
Ventral: sternum
Caudal: diaphragm
Lateral: ribs, costal cartilages & intercostal muscles
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6
Q

What are the thoracic inlet boundaries?

A

Dorsal boundary is the body of the first thoracic vertebrae

Lateral is the first pair of ribs and their costal cartilages

Ventral is the first sternebra (manubrium)

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7
Q

List the contents of the thoracic cavity

A

Trachea, lungs, heart, thymus, esophagus, lymph nodes, vessels, nerves, pleural cavities, pericardial cavity

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8
Q

What is located in the thoracic inlet

A

Trachea, esophagus, vagosympathetic nerve trunks, recurrent laryngeal nerves, phrenic nerves, ventral branches of the 1st and 2nd thoracic spinal nerves, blood vessels, pleural cupulae

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9
Q

What is the lumbocostal arch and where is it located?

A

The lumbocostal arch is the sympathetic trunk and major sphlanchnic nerve. It is located in the thoracic outlet (diaphragm)

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10
Q

What is the aortic hiatus and where is it located?

A

The aortic hiatus consists of the aorta, the azygos vein and thoracic duct. It is located in the thoracic outlet (diaphragm)

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11
Q

What is the esophageal hiatus?

A

Consists of the esophagus, dorsal & ventral Vagal trunks. It is located in the thoracic outlet (diaphragm)

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12
Q

What is the caval foramen

A

The caudal vena cava. it is located in the thoracic outlet (diaphragm)

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13
Q

What is the endothoracic fascia

A

The connective tissue lining the thoracic cavity that attaches the pleurae to the thoracic wall and diaphragm

It passes through the thoracic inlet and blends with the deep cervical fascia

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14
Q

What is pleura

A

Meosthelial membrane that lines the thoracic cavity, encloses the mediastinum and covers the lungs

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15
Q

What is mesothelium

A

Siple squamous epithelium that lines the coelomic cavity (most inner)

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16
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

Midline partition of the thorax. Mediastinum includes the 2 mediastinal pleurae and the space between them

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17
Q

What is enclosed in the mediastinum?

A

Thymus, lymph nodes, heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, nerves, vessels, connective tissue & fat

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18
Q

What connects the pleurae to the thoracic wall?

A

Endothoracic fascia

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19
Q

Describe the pleural cavity and membrane

A

The pleural cavity and membrane surrounds the lungs and contains a smal amount of serous fluid

20
Q

What is the visceral pleura

A

Pulmonary pleura, surrounds the lungs

21
Q

What is parietal pleura

A

Costal pleura - Lines ribs and intercostal muscles

Mediastinal pleura

Diaphragmatic pleura - lines the diaphragm

22
Q

What is connecting pleura

A

Ligaments and folds made of serous membranes

23
Q

What is a result of the pneumothorax?

A

The canine mediastinum is easily ruptured which allows communication between the pleural cavities

Cranial & caudal mediastinum will likely both develop pneumothorax

24
Q

What are the double layered folds of the pleura?

A

They surround the caudal vena cava to form the plica vena cava

25
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

The parietal pleura has a gap around the lungs which houses the pulmonary ligament that attaches to the lungs

26
Q

What is the line of pleural reflection?

A

The horizontal parts of the 8th & 9th costal cartilages, the 10th & 11th ribs at the costochondral junction, the middle of the 13th rib and cranially to the 12th intercostal space

27
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Fibroserous connective tissue covering the heart

28
Q

Describe the serous portion of the pericardium

A

mesothelial sac enclosing the pericardial cavity (consists of parietal and visceral layers)

29
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Fibrous connective tissue that covers the parietal layer of the serous pericardium

30
Q

What is the pericardial sac?

A

A composite structure consisting of 3 layers that surround the pericardial cavity

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of pericardial sac?

A

Pericardial mediastinal pleura (outer most layer of fibrous pericardium)

Parietal serous pericadium (inner side of fibrous pericardium)

Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium) lies directly on the heart

32
Q

What is the mediastinal pleura?

A

Cranial and caudal portions

Envelopes heart

33
Q

What is the clinical correlation of the pericardial sac?

A

The fibrous pericardium prevents significant disension of the pericardial cavity

If excessive fluid accumulates in the pericardium, it can compress the heart

34
Q

If blood is filling up the pericardial cavity, what pleura layers must you go through?

A

Costal pleura
Pleural cavity
Fibrous pericardium (pericardial mediastinal pleura,
parietal serous pericardium)

35
Q

Characteristics of the left lung

A

2 lobes (Cranial & Caudal)

Cranial lobe is divided in to cranial & caudal portions

36
Q

Characteristics of right lobe

A

4 lobes (cranial, caudal, middle, accessory)

37
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

Located in the 4th - 5th low intercostal space

Formed by the cranial and middle lobes

Provides ability to access the heart without puncturing a lung

38
Q

How are lungs labelled?

A

Based on the branching of the bronchi

39
Q

What is the carina of the trachea?

A

The cartilaginous crest of the tracheal bifurcation to left and right principal bronchi

40
Q

What bronchi are associated with the right lobes?

A

Right bronchi 1 (cranial)
Right bronchi 2 (Middle)
Right bronchi 3 (accessory)
Right bronchi 4 (caudal)

41
Q

What bronchi are associated with the left lobe?

A

Left bronchi 1 (cranial)

Left bronchi 2 (caudal)

42
Q

How are the bronchi labelled?

A

Primary/principal bronchus (left or ring lung)

Secondary/lobar bronchus (separate lobes)

Tertiary/segmental bronchus (bronchopulmonary segment)

43
Q

What is the tracheal bifurcation?

A

The branching of the trachea to the left and right principal bronchi

Dorsal to cranial base of the heart

44
Q

What is the functional blood supply of the pulmonary system

A

Pulmonary arteries carry nonaerated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gaseous exchange

45
Q

What is the nutritional blood supply of the pulmonary system?

A

Bronchoesophageal artery comes from the right 5th intercostal artery and lies beneath the descending aorta

46
Q

What is the auscultation triangle?

A

Where to listen for lung sounds

Lateral border of triceps brachii, lateral edge of epaxial muscles from caudal border of scapula to tuber coxae), basal border of the lungs (6th rib to 11th intercostal space)

47
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

The potential space where the diaphragmatic and costal parietal pleura are in contact

Lungs do not fill pleural space (pleural cavity)

Gross Anatomy (28 decks)

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