Urine sampling Flashcards
What urine sampling methods an be done at home?
Flood sampling
Litter tray sampling
Free catch
What are the pros and cons of free catch urine sampling
What are the pros and cons of litter tray sampling
What are the pros and cons of floor sampling?
What urine sampling techniques can be done in practice?
Expressed sample
Catheterised sample
Blind cystocentesis
Ultrasound guided cystocentesis
What are the pros and cons of urine sampling by expression?
Describe the pros and cons of urine sampling via catheterisation
What are the pros and cons of blind cystocentesis?
What are the pros and cons of ultrasound guided cystocentesis
Why should you not use cystocentesis on animals with a bladder mass?
Most common bladder neoplasia = transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
Can ‘seed’ into abdomen if transabdominal needle sampling
What are the appropriate tubes for a urine sample?
Plain tube for biochemical and sediment analysis/imminent culture
EDTA - prevents degradation of cellular components
Boric acid - hold bacterial population and cellular components statis for 4 days
What levels are measured with a dipstick in urine?
Blood
Bilirubin
Ketones
Glucose
Protein
pH
What is refractometry?
measurement of USG
What might be seen in urine microscopy
Haematuria - blood cells
Transitional cells
Renal tubular cells
Squamous cells
Moulds of renal tubules
mucoproteins
Lipid droplets
Sperm
Pathogens
Contaminants
In what situations might you find crystals in urine?
Normal urine
Artefact from storage
Altered pH (UTI)
Liver disease
toxins or drugs
