Exotic revision qs

Question 1

Why does dehydration increase risk of gout in captive birds and reptiles?

Answer 1

Uric acid excretion is independent of GFR
Uric acid still produced and secreted even though GFR is low due to dehydration
But uric acid cannot be flushed out => uric acidaemia (uric acid build up in blood) => precipitates in tissues and joints = gout

Question 2

How do you prevent dehydration in captive birds and reptiles causing gout?

Answer 2

Adequate supply of drinking water
Bath +/- misting
Adequate humidity
Appropriate diet (not too high in protein)
Measures to prevent renal disease e.g., good hygiene and biosecurity

Question 3

What adaptation do reptiles in hot and dry environments have to conserve water?

Answer 3

Fewer nephrons
Lower GFR
Excretion of uric acid instead of urea:
- Urea is high insoluble
- Comparatively lower volume of water is needed for excretion
Dramatic reduction/cease glomerular filtration in times of stress/water scarcity
Salt gland for excess Na/K secretion
Cloacal/colonic reabsorption of water