Geriatric cat SDL Flashcards
List the clinical signs of chronic kidney disease
PU/PD
Weight loss
Inappetence
Lethargy
Poor hair quality
Hypertension
Vomiting
Halitosis
Weakness
Anaemia
What causes PU/PD in chronic kidney disease?
increased production of urine as ability to concentrate urine is lost
increased drinking to compensate
Why does CKD cause weight loss
Inflammation, malabsorption, increased energy requirements and inappetance
What does CKD cause inappetence?
accumulation of nitrogenous waste products affects appetite centres of brain
Why does CKD cause lethargy?
acid build up in blood
Why does CKD cause poor hair quality?
potassium loss
Why does CKD cause hypertension?
Reduced GFR => RAAS activated => preserves water and salts, and vasoconstriction => hypertension
Why does CKD cause vomiting
toxin build up
Why does CKD cause halitosis?
build up of toxins in bloods => ammonia smell on breath
Why does CKD cause weakness?
low potassium levels
Why does CKD cause anaemia?
damaged kidneys produce less EPO => decreased RBC production
What is SMDA used for?
sensitive and early marker of declining GFR in cats and dogs
What is FGF-23 and how is it useful?
hormone whose function is to inhibit renal tubular phosphate reabsorption
Its levels increase through CKD as a physiological adaptation to maintain normal serum phosphate levels (phosphate levels rise in CKD)
How can PU/PD, isosthenuria, dehydration be treated?
IV fluid therapy
Subcut fluid
Encourage water intake
How can proteinuria be treated?
Reduced protein diet
PUFA - reduced inflammation, antioxidant
