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Jorge URO > Erection Ejaculation > Flashcards

Erection Ejaculation Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Function of testis

A

Spermatozoa and testosterone production

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3
Q

Epididymis function

A

spermatozoa maturation and storage

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4
Q

Ductus deferens and ampulla function

A

transport of semen

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5
Q

Describe the muscles of the penis, their location and their function

A
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6
Q

Define libido

A

behavioural manifestation of sexual interest

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7
Q

Intromission definition

A

entrance of the penis into the vagina

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8
Q

Erection definition

A

firming and enlargement of the penis

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9
Q

emission definition

A

movement of acessory gland fluid into male urethra to mix with sperm

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10
Q

Ejaculation definition

A

reflex expulsion of sperm from male reproductive tract

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11
Q

What are the requirements of an erection

A
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12
Q

Label this cross section of the penis

A
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13
Q

How does an erection increase blood pressure in cavernous tissue

A
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14
Q

What happen to the helicine arteries in the flaccid penis?

A

Empty into venous sinuses
Lumen is obliterated in flacced penis by sympathetic tone of muscles in vessel walls (norepinephrine causes vasoconstritction)

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15
Q

What happens to the helicine arteries in erection?

A

Parasympathetic fibres inhibit/relax the longitudinal muscle fibres
Blood flows into central sinusoides -> swelling -> compression of oblique veins -> further swelling

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16
Q

Describe the mechanism of an erection

A
  • Parasympathetic nerve innervates helicine arteries
  • nerve terminals release nitric oxide
  • NO stimulates guanylate cyclase to covert GTP to cGMP
  • cGMP causes smooth muscle of helicine arteries to relax
  • sinuses engorge
  • intracorporal pressure increases
  • venules and veins compressed
17
Q

What are the steps of copulatory behaviour?

A

mounting
intromission
ejaculation

18
Q

Describe the erection of the fibroelastic penis

A

Length increased by straightening of sigmoid flexure as a result of relaxation of retractor penis muscle

19
Q

Describe the engorgement of the penis in ruminant/pig erection

A

lengthening of majority of penis

20
Q

Describe the engorgement of the stallion penis in erection

A

swelling of penile body and glans penis

21
Q

Describe the engorgement of the dog penis in erection

A

Swelling of mainly glans penis and enlarged bulbus glandis

22
Q

How is ejaculation stimulated?

A

stimulation of glans penis via internal pudendal nerve to the lumbosaccral region of the spinal cord (temp and pressure)

23
Q

Describe the duration of ejaculation/copulation in ruminants/cats

A

rapid - small volume

24
Q

Describe the duration of ejaculation/copulation in the stallion

A

long - medium/large volume of ejaculate

25
Q

Describe the duration of ejaculation/copulation in the pig and dog

A

prolonged
large volume

26
Q

Describe the features of stallion ejaculation

A

Series of ‘jets’

27
Q

Describe the features of boar ejaculation

A
28
Q

Describe the features of canine ejaculation

A
29
Q

What penile diseases may occur from injury to the pelvic region?

A

priapism - semi-permanent erection
paraphimosis - penis won’t go back in prepuce

30
Q

What are the components of semen?

A

sperm
seminal plasma (accessory gland secretion)

31
Q

What does preputial secretions (smegma) contain?

A

cellular material and bacteria

32
Q

What factors affect total sperm output and semen quality?

A
33
Q

What venereal pathogens do we swab the equine penis for?

A
34
Q

What are the common canine venereal pathogens?

A

canine herpesvirus
brucella canis (not in UK)

35
Q

What is the clinical relevance of campylobacter fetus in the bull?

A

Jorge URO (105 decks)

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