URINARY SYSTEM

Question 1

Parts of the Urinary System:

Answer 1

1. KIDNEYS (2) - excretory organs
   1.1 Cortex – outer part containing the renal tubules.
   1.2 Medulla – inner part made up of renal pyramids.
2. Ureters (2) are the pipelines.
3. Urinary Bladder – the reservoir.
4. Urethra – a waste pipe.

Question 2

contains over a million nephrons, the structural and functional units responsible for filtering the blood and forming urine

Answer 2

KIDNEY

Question 3

occupies the space between the 12th Dorsal/Thoracic to the 3rd Lumbar body and are located behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneally) which covers their anterior surfaces. The (R) lies at slightly lower level than the (L) because of the liver

Answer 3

KIDNEY

Question 4

the structural and functional units responsible for filtering the blood and forming urine

Answer 4

NEPHRONS

Question 5

are located in the cortex of the kidney. Each consist of a cup-like structure called the glomerular (Bowman’s capsule) that contains a cluster of capillaries called the glomerulus.

Answer 5

renal corpuscles

Question 6

renal tubules exits from the glomerular capsule to form the highly coiled proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) that then becomes the descending limb of the hairpin-like nephron loop.

Answer 6

renal tubules

Question 7

– is a depression on the medial or inner border where the renal artery, renal vein, the lymphatic’s and pelvis enter the kidney.

Answer 7

Hilum/Hilus

Question 8

– includes the renal artery, vein, lymphatic’s and renal pelvis.

Answer 8

Renal Pedicle

Question 9

– are two tubes about 10-12 inches in length which extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder on each side that conducts urine from the kidney to the Urinary Bladder.

Answer 9

URETERS

Question 10

It has 3 coats

Answer 10

Epithelial Lining
Involuntary muscle
Fibrous layer

Question 11

passes down along the posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum and crosses the pelvic brim and runs down along the lateral wall of the pelvis to the pelvic floor and enters the urinary bladder obliquely at the ureteral orifice.

Answer 11

URETERS

Question 12

– is the upper expanded funnel-shaped end of the ureter which is in contact with the kidney

Answer 12

Renal Pelvis

Question 13

– are two or three divisions of the renal pelvis.

Answer 13

Major Calyces (Sing. Calyx)

Question 14

three divisions of the renal pelvis.

Answer 14

a. Superior Major Calyces
b. Middle Major Calyces
c. Inferior Major Calyces

Question 15

– are the cup-shaped divisions of the major calyces, each minor calyx has a renal pyramid which is made up of many collecting tubules and is cone-shaped with its base directed towards the cortex.

Answer 15

Minor Calyces

Question 16

Is a reservoir for the urine and lies in the pelvis behind the symphysis pubis. It is in front of the rectum and in female, it is anterior to the uterus.

Answer 16

URINARY BLADDER

Question 17

Is the passage from the UB to the outside. In female, it is about 1.5 inches in length while in male it is much longer and passes through the prostate gland, perineum and the entire length of the penis for an approximate length of 8 inches.

Answer 17

URETHRA

Question 18

are branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the kidneys.

Answer 18

The (R) and (L) Renal Arteries

Question 19

collect blood from the kidneys and empty into the Inferior Vena cava.

Answer 19

Renal veins

Question 20

FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEYS:

Answer 20

1. It excrete urine which contains water and waste products.
2. It regulates fluid content of the blood.
3. They regulate the concentration of the various salts circulating in the blood.