Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > QUIZ (NECK - PELVIS) > Flashcards

QUIZ (NECK - PELVIS) Flashcards

1
Q

occupies the region between the skull and the thorax.
Its upper limit being defined by an imaginary line extending from the inferior border of the symphysis mentis to the external occipital protuberance.

A

Neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

consist of two lateral lobes connected together at the lower third by a narrow median portion called the “isthmus”.

A

Thyroid Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The thyroid gland develops as a tubular invagination from the root of the tongue called the

A

foramen cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

actually two physiologically active hormones known as T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyronine).

to control the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidatio

A

Thyroid hormone (TH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone leads to a condition of mental and physical sluggishness, which is called

A

“Hypothyroidism or Myxedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypersecretion of TH causes elevated metabolic rate, nervousness, weight loss, sweating and irregular heartbeat and is called

A

Hyperthyroidism or Grave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are found embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

Typically there are two small oval glands on each lobe.

They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), the most important regulator of calcium balance of the blood.

A

Parathyroid Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to its active D3 form, calcitriol, which is required for the absorption of calcium from food

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

serves as the passage of both air and food and is common to the respiratory and digestive systems

approximately 5 inches (13cm) in length

A

Pharynx/Throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pharyngeal cavity is subdivided into

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx/Laryngeal part
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is the organ of voice. It serves also as the air passage between the pharynx and the trachea. It is a movable tubular structure approximately 1 ½ inches (4cm) in length.

suspended from the hyoid bone and extends from the level of the superior margin

A

LARYNX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is the organ of voice. It serves also as the air passage between the pharynx and the trachea. It is a movable tubular structure approximately 1 ½ inches (4cm) in length.

suspended from the hyoid bone and extends from the level of the superior margin

A

LARYNX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Larynx is composed of 9 Cartilages

A

3 Single 3 Paired
1. Epiglottis 1. Arytenoid
2. Thyroid cartilage 2. Corniculate
3. Cricoid cartilage 3. Cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The two most prominent are the large shield-shaped____________, whose anterior medial laryngeal prominence is commonly referred to as Adam’s apple, and the inferiorly located, ring-shaped cricoid cartilage, whose widest dimension faces posteriorly.

A

thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The epiglottis sometimes referred to as the
__________ forms a lid over the larynx when we swallow.

A

“Guardian of the airways”,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The mucous membrane of the larynx is thrown into two pairs of folds

A

the upper vestibular folds, or the false vocal cords

and the lower vocal folds, or true vocal cords,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

– is a flat leaf-like plate of cartilage with free upper border that projects back from the anterior wall of the pharynx below the root of the tongue.

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is the largest of its group which forms the laryngeal prominence or the “Adams apple” at the level of C5.

A

Thyroid Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

– is the second largest of the group and is connected to the first ring of the trachea.

A

Cricoid Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is formed in the midline behind the twelve thoracic vertebrae, by a sternum in front. 12 pairs of ribs and 12 pairs of costal cartilages complete the framework behind, laterally and in front. Its cone-shaped cage-like structure protects the organs of the thoracic cavity including the critically important heart and lungs

A

THORACIC CAGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bones of the Thorax are composed primarily of:

A

Sternum or Breast bone
12 Thoracic vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is a typical flat bone, is a result of the fusion of three bones—the manubrium, body and xiphoid process.

It is attached to the 1st seven pairs of ribs.

A

Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PARTS OF THE STERNUM

A

MANUBRIUM
BODY OF STERNUM/GLADIOLUS
XIPHOID/ENSIFORM PROCESS
SUPRA-SSTERNAL/JUGULAR NOTCH
CLAVICULAR NOTCHES
COSTAL NOTCHES
Sternal Angle / Angle of Lewis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

– is the upper segment which in early life is separated from the body by cartilage but later it fuses with the body.

A

Manubrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
– is that part that extend from the manubrium to the Xiphoid process
Body of the Sternum/ Gladiolus
26
– is the lower pointed end below the body at the level of T10.
Xiphoid / Ensiform Process
27
– is the concave upper border of the manubrium at the level of T3.
Supra-Sternal / Jugular Notch
28
– are depressions found at each lateral border of the supra-sternal notch. * Clavicular notch and the medial end of the clavicle form the Sterno-Clavicular joint.
Clavicular Notches
29
– are depressions on each lateral margin of the sternum which articulate with the costal cartilages.
Costal Notches
30
– is the prominent transverse ridge at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum at the level of T4-T5.
Sternal Angle / Angle of Lewis
31
are flat curved bones that form part of the posterior wall, the entire lateral wall and part of the anterior wall of the thorax
RIBS
32
The Lower five (5) pairs are called
“False Ribs”.
33
The eleventh and twelfth ribs have short costal cartilages which are unattached at their anterior ends and so they are called
“Floating Ribs”
34
PARTS OF RIBS
HEAD NECK TUBERCLE ARTICULAR FACET SHAFT ANTERIOR OR STERNAL END
35
– is the slightly expanded posterior end which articulate with the pits on the adjacent border of the vertebra
Head
36
– is the slightly constricted part lateral to the head
Neck
37
– is a small prominence lateral to the neck. It forms a joint with the anterior surface of the adjacent transverse process of a vertebra.
Tubercle
38
– are two pits on the head of the rib that articulate with a facet on a single vertebral body.
Articular Facet
39
– is a long flat, curved part that passes from the neck around the chest wall.
Shaft
40
– part that articulate with the costal cartilage.
Anterior or Sternal End
41
are 12 pairs of cartilaginous flat plates on the anterior chest wall.
Costal Cartilages
42
Congenital Anomalies on the Bones of the Thorax
Cervical Rib Lumbar Rib Absence of a rib Forked Rib Fused Rib Pectus Excavatum Pectus Carinatum/ Pigeon’s Chest
43
– is an extra rib present on one or both sides above the normal first rib.
Cervical Rib
44
– is a short extra rib present below the 12th rib, arising from the first lumbar body.
Lumbar Rib
45
– one or more ribs maybe absent on one or both sides.
Absence of a rib
46
– an anomaly wherein the anterior end of a rib maybe forked.
Forked Rib
47
– an anomaly wherein the anterior end of the adjacent rib are one.
Fused Rib
48
– an anomaly wherein the sternum maybe depressed and thus decreases the antero-posterior diameter of the chest.
Pectus Excavatum
49
– anomaly wherein there is protrusion of the sternum.
Pectus Carinatum/ Pigeon’s Chest
50
extends from the undersurface of the diaphragm to the pelvic brim. The Pelvic cavity reaches from the pelvic inlet to the floor of the pelvis.
Abdomen
51
the Abdomen into FOUR QUADRANTS:
1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
52
NINE REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN
UPPER: Right Hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left Hypochondriac region MIDDLE: Right Lumbar Umbilical region Left Lumbar LOWER: Right Iliac region Hypogastric region Left Iliac region
53
– is the cavity in any hollow organ.
Lumen
54
– is a thin layer of epithelium which lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and is reflected over the surface of most abdominal organs.
Peritoneum
55
Two Layers of Peritoneum:
OUTER OR PARIETAL LAYER INNER OF VISCERAL LAYER
56
– closely adheres to the abdominal and greater pelvic walls and to the undersurface of the diaphragm.
Outer or Parietal Layer
57
– is reflected over or around the contained organs and form folds called the “mesentery” and “omentum” which serves to support the viscera in position. *The narrow space between the two layers of peritoneum is called “Peritoneal cavity”.
Inner or Visceral Layer
58
– is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the posterior abdominal wall to some of the abdominal organs
Mesentery
59
– term used to describe a fold of peritoneum between various abdominal organs.
Omentum
60
– is a wave or alternating contraction and dilatation that occur in the walls of hollow organs. This helps to push the contents along the lumen towards the exit.
Peristalsis
61
is a hollow, bent cylinder with bony walls located at the lower end of the vertebral column and is consist of 3 parts:
Pelvis/Hip Bone/Os Coxae/Os Innominatum/ Innominate Bone 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis
62
MAJOR PARTS OF THE PELVIS
Acetabulum Obturator Foramen Three Fused Bones
63
– is a cup-shaped cavity or socket on the outer surface of the Innominate bone at the junction of its three parts that accommodate the femoral head and forming the hip joint
Acetabulum
64
– is a large opening in the lower part of the Innominate bone where its margins are formed by the rami of the ischium and of the pubis. Is the largest foramen in the human skeletal system
Obturator Foramen
65
Three Fused Bones
ILIUM, ISCHIUM & PUBIS.
66
forms the upper 2/5 of the acetabulum and all the Innominate bone above this socket. NOTE: The name of this bone must not be confused with that of the small intestine, the “ILEUM”.
ILIUM / FLANK BONE
67
PARTS OF ILIUM
Body of the Ilium Ala or Wing Iliac Fossa Crest of Ilium/Iliac Crest Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
68
– is the thickened part, close to and above the acetabulum
Body of the Ilium
69
– is a thin, upper, flat curved part above the body
Ala or Wing
70
PARTS OF ISCHIUM
BODY OF ISCHIUM SUPERIOR OR ASCENDING RAMUS INFERIOR OR ASCENDING RAMUS TUBEROSITY OF ISCHIUM OR ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY ISCHIAL SPINE/SPINE OF ISCHIUM
71
– is the curved depression formed by the inner surface of the wing.
Iliac Fossa
72
– is the upper curved border of the wing at approximate level of L4. This can be felt through its entire length through the lateral wall of the abdomen.
Crest of Ilium/Iliac Crest
73
– is the prominent anterior end of the iliac crest and can readily be palpated through the skin.
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
74
– lies on the front or anterior border about 1 inch below the ASIS.
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
75
– forms the lower posterior 2/5 of the acetabulum and part of the Innominate bone.
ISCHIUM
76
– is the thickened part immediately below and behind the acetabulum.
Body of Ischium
77
– part that extends down from the body
Superior or Descending Ramus
78
– part that passes forward and medially from the lower end of the superior ramus.
Inferior or Ascending Ramus
79
– is the large, rounded prominence on the back of the superior ramus. It supports the weight of the body when the subject is sitting.
Tuberosity of Ischium or Ischial Tuberosity
80
– is a pointed process that extends back and medially from the posterior part of the body of the ischium. Ischial spine is important in childbirth since the fetal head must pass through
Ischial Spine / Spine of Ischium
81
– forms the anterior 1/5 of the acetabulum and the lower anterior part of the Innominate bone.
PUBIS or PUBIC BONE
82
PARTS OF THE PUBIC BONE:
Body of the Pubis Superior or Ascending Ramus Superior or Ascending Ramus Symphysis Pubis / Pubic Symphysis
83
s – is the flat medial or inner part adjacent to the symphysis pubis or pubic joint.
Body of the Pubis
84
– part extending up, back and out from the body to the acetabulum
Superior or Ascending Ramus
85
– part that passes down and back from the lower part of the body to meet the inferior ramus of the ischium.
Inferior or Descending Ramus
86
– is the joint between the bodies of the two pubic bones
Symphysis Pubis / Pubic Symphysis
87
Pelvic Divisions:
Pelvis Major (False pelvis) Pelvis Minor (True pelvis)
88
- Located between the iliac fossae, superior to the pelvic brim -Actually, part of the abdominal cavity
Pelvis Major (False pelvis)
89
- Located inferior to the oblique plane of the pelvic brim - Contains the urinary bladder, rectum, some reproductive organs and bowels.
Pelvis Minor (True pelvis)

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions