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RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > QUIZ (NECK - PELVIS) > Flashcards

QUIZ (NECK - PELVIS) Flashcards

1
Q

occupies the region between the skull and the thorax.
Its upper limit being defined by an imaginary line extending from the inferior border of the symphysis mentis to the external occipital protuberance.

A

Neck

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2
Q

consist of two lateral lobes connected together at the lower third by a narrow median portion called the “isthmus”.

A

Thyroid Gland

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3
Q

The thyroid gland develops as a tubular invagination from the root of the tongue called the

A

foramen cecum

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4
Q

actually two physiologically active hormones known as T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyronine).

to control the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidatio

A

Thyroid hormone (TH)

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5
Q

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone leads to a condition of mental and physical sluggishness, which is called

A

“Hypothyroidism or Myxedema

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6
Q

Hypersecretion of TH causes elevated metabolic rate, nervousness, weight loss, sweating and irregular heartbeat and is called

A

Hyperthyroidism or Grave’s disease

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7
Q

are found embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

Typically there are two small oval glands on each lobe.

They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), the most important regulator of calcium balance of the blood.

A

Parathyroid Glands

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8
Q

stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to its active D3 form, calcitriol, which is required for the absorption of calcium from food

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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9
Q

serves as the passage of both air and food and is common to the respiratory and digestive systems

approximately 5 inches (13cm) in length

A

Pharynx/Throat

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10
Q

Pharyngeal cavity is subdivided into

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx/Laryngeal part
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11
Q

is the organ of voice. It serves also as the air passage between the pharynx and the trachea. It is a movable tubular structure approximately 1 ½ inches (4cm) in length.

suspended from the hyoid bone and extends from the level of the superior margin

A

LARYNX

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12
Q

is the organ of voice. It serves also as the air passage between the pharynx and the trachea. It is a movable tubular structure approximately 1 ½ inches (4cm) in length.

suspended from the hyoid bone and extends from the level of the superior margin

A

LARYNX

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13
Q

Larynx is composed of 9 Cartilages

A

3 Single 3 Paired
1. Epiglottis 1. Arytenoid
2. Thyroid cartilage 2. Corniculate
3. Cricoid cartilage 3. Cuneiform

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14
Q

The two most prominent are the large shield-shaped____________, whose anterior medial laryngeal prominence is commonly referred to as Adam’s apple, and the inferiorly located, ring-shaped cricoid cartilage, whose widest dimension faces posteriorly.

A

thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

The epiglottis sometimes referred to as the
__________ forms a lid over the larynx when we swallow.

A

“Guardian of the airways”,

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16
Q

The mucous membrane of the larynx is thrown into two pairs of folds

A

the upper vestibular folds, or the false vocal cords

and the lower vocal folds, or true vocal cords,

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17
Q

– is a flat leaf-like plate of cartilage with free upper border that projects back from the anterior wall of the pharynx below the root of the tongue.

A

Epiglottis

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18
Q

is the largest of its group which forms the laryngeal prominence or the “Adams apple” at the level of C5.

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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19
Q

– is the second largest of the group and is connected to the first ring of the trachea.

A

Cricoid Cartilage

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20
Q

is formed in the midline behind the twelve thoracic vertebrae, by a sternum in front. 12 pairs of ribs and 12 pairs of costal cartilages complete the framework behind, laterally and in front. Its cone-shaped cage-like structure protects the organs of the thoracic cavity including the critically important heart and lungs

A

THORACIC CAGE

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21
Q

Bones of the Thorax are composed primarily of:

A

Sternum or Breast bone
12 Thoracic vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs.

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22
Q

is a typical flat bone, is a result of the fusion of three bones—the manubrium, body and xiphoid process.

It is attached to the 1st seven pairs of ribs.

A

Sternum

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23
Q

PARTS OF THE STERNUM

A

MANUBRIUM
BODY OF STERNUM/GLADIOLUS
XIPHOID/ENSIFORM PROCESS
SUPRA-SSTERNAL/JUGULAR NOTCH
CLAVICULAR NOTCHES
COSTAL NOTCHES
Sternal Angle / Angle of Lewis

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24
Q

– is the upper segment which in early life is separated from the body by cartilage but later it fuses with the body.

A

Manubrium

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25
Q

– is that part that extend from the manubrium to the Xiphoid process

A

Body of the Sternum/ Gladiolus

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26
Q

– is the lower pointed end below the body at the level of T10.

A

Xiphoid / Ensiform Process

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27
Q

– is the concave upper border of the manubrium at the level of T3.

A

Supra-Sternal / Jugular Notch

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28
Q

– are depressions found at each lateral border of the supra-sternal notch.

  • Clavicular notch and the medial end of the clavicle form the Sterno-Clavicular joint.
A

Clavicular Notches

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29
Q

– are depressions on each lateral margin of the sternum which articulate with the costal cartilages.

A

Costal Notches

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30
Q

– is the prominent transverse ridge at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum at the level of T4-T5.

A

Sternal Angle / Angle of Lewis

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31
Q

are flat curved bones that form part of the posterior wall, the entire lateral wall and part of the anterior wall of the thorax

A

RIBS

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32
Q

The Lower five (5) pairs are called

A

“False Ribs”.

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33
Q

The eleventh and twelfth ribs have short costal cartilages which are unattached at their anterior ends and so they are called

A

“Floating Ribs”

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34
Q

PARTS OF RIBS

A

HEAD
NECK
TUBERCLE
ARTICULAR FACET
SHAFT
ANTERIOR OR STERNAL END

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35
Q

– is the slightly expanded posterior end which articulate with the pits on the adjacent border of the vertebra

A

Head

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36
Q

– is the slightly constricted part lateral to the head

A

Neck

37
Q

– is a small prominence lateral to the neck. It forms a joint with the anterior surface of the adjacent transverse process of a vertebra.

A

Tubercle

38
Q

– are two pits on the head of the rib that articulate with a facet on a single vertebral body.

A

Articular Facet

39
Q

– is a long flat, curved part that passes from the neck around the chest wall.

A

Shaft

40
Q

– part that articulate with the costal cartilage.

A

Anterior or Sternal End

41
Q

are 12 pairs of cartilaginous flat plates on the anterior chest wall.

A

Costal Cartilages

42
Q

Congenital Anomalies on the Bones of the Thorax

A

Cervical Rib
Lumbar Rib
Absence of a rib
Forked Rib
Fused Rib
Pectus Excavatum
Pectus Carinatum/ Pigeon’s Chest

43
Q

– is an extra rib present on one or both sides above the normal first rib.

A

Cervical Rib

44
Q

– is a short extra rib present below the 12th rib, arising from the first lumbar body.

A

Lumbar Rib

45
Q

– one or more ribs maybe absent on one or both sides.

A

Absence of a rib

46
Q

– an anomaly wherein the anterior end of a rib maybe forked.

A

Forked Rib

47
Q

– an anomaly wherein the anterior end of the adjacent rib are one.

A

Fused Rib

48
Q

– an anomaly wherein the sternum maybe depressed and thus decreases the antero-posterior diameter of the chest.

A

Pectus Excavatum

49
Q

– anomaly wherein there is protrusion of the sternum.

A

Pectus Carinatum/ Pigeon’s Chest

50
Q

extends from the undersurface of the diaphragm to the pelvic brim. The Pelvic cavity reaches from the pelvic inlet to the floor of the pelvis.

A

Abdomen

51
Q

the Abdomen into FOUR QUADRANTS:

A
  1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
  2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
  3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
  4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
52
Q

NINE REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN

A

UPPER: Right Hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left Hypochondriac region

MIDDLE: Right Lumbar
Umbilical region
Left Lumbar

LOWER: Right Iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left Iliac region

53
Q

– is the cavity in any hollow organ.

A

Lumen

54
Q

– is a thin layer of epithelium which lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and is reflected over the surface of most abdominal organs.

A

Peritoneum

55
Q

Two Layers of Peritoneum:

A

OUTER OR PARIETAL LAYER
INNER OF VISCERAL LAYER

56
Q

– closely adheres to the abdominal and greater pelvic walls and to the undersurface of the diaphragm.

A

Outer or Parietal Layer

57
Q

– is reflected over or around the contained organs and form folds called the “mesentery” and “omentum” which serves to support the viscera in position.

*The narrow space between the two layers of peritoneum is called “Peritoneal cavity”.

A

Inner or Visceral Layer

58
Q

– is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the posterior abdominal wall to some of the abdominal organs

A

Mesentery

59
Q

– term used to describe a fold of peritoneum between various abdominal organs.

A

Omentum

60
Q

– is a wave or alternating contraction and dilatation that occur in the walls of hollow organs. This helps to push the contents along the lumen towards the exit.

A

Peristalsis

61
Q

is a hollow, bent cylinder with bony walls located at the lower end of the vertebral column and is consist of 3 parts:

A

Pelvis/Hip Bone/Os Coxae/Os Innominatum/ Innominate Bone

  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Pubis
62
Q

MAJOR PARTS OF THE PELVIS

A

Acetabulum
Obturator Foramen
Three Fused Bones

63
Q

– is a cup-shaped cavity or socket on the outer surface of the Innominate bone at the junction of its three parts that accommodate the femoral head and forming the hip joint

A

Acetabulum

64
Q

– is a large opening in the lower part of the Innominate bone where its margins are formed by the rami of the ischium and of the pubis. Is the largest foramen in the human skeletal system

A

Obturator Foramen

65
Q

Three Fused Bones

A

ILIUM, ISCHIUM & PUBIS.

66
Q

forms the upper 2/5 of the acetabulum and all the Innominate bone above this socket.

NOTE: The name of this bone must not be confused with that of the small intestine, the “ILEUM”.

A

ILIUM / FLANK BONE

67
Q

PARTS OF ILIUM

A

Body of the Ilium
Ala or Wing
Iliac Fossa
Crest of Ilium/Iliac Crest
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

68
Q

– is the thickened part, close to and above the acetabulum

A

Body of the Ilium

69
Q

– is a thin, upper, flat curved part above the body

A

Ala or Wing

70
Q

PARTS OF ISCHIUM

A

BODY OF ISCHIUM
SUPERIOR OR ASCENDING RAMUS
INFERIOR OR ASCENDING RAMUS
TUBEROSITY OF ISCHIUM OR ISCHIAL
TUBEROSITY
ISCHIAL SPINE/SPINE OF ISCHIUM

71
Q

– is the curved depression formed by the inner surface of the wing.

A

Iliac Fossa

72
Q

– is the upper curved border of the wing at approximate level of L4. This can be felt through its entire length through the lateral wall of the abdomen.

A

Crest of Ilium/Iliac Crest

73
Q

– is the prominent anterior end of the iliac crest and can readily be palpated through the skin.

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

74
Q

– lies on the front or anterior border about 1 inch below the ASIS.

A

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

75
Q

– forms the lower posterior 2/5 of the acetabulum and part of the Innominate bone.

A

ISCHIUM

76
Q

– is the thickened part immediately below and behind the acetabulum.

A

Body of Ischium

77
Q

– part that extends down from the body

A

Superior or Descending Ramus

78
Q

– part that passes forward and medially from the lower end of the superior ramus.

A

Inferior or Ascending Ramus

79
Q

– is the large, rounded prominence on the back of the superior ramus. It supports the weight of the body when the subject is sitting.

A

Tuberosity of Ischium or Ischial Tuberosity

80
Q

– is a pointed process that extends back and medially from the posterior part of the body of the ischium. Ischial spine is important in childbirth since the fetal head must pass through

A

Ischial Spine / Spine of Ischium

81
Q

– forms the anterior 1/5 of the acetabulum and the lower anterior part of the Innominate bone.

A

PUBIS or PUBIC BONE

82
Q

PARTS OF THE PUBIC BONE:

A

Body of the Pubis
Superior or Ascending Ramus
Superior or Ascending Ramus
Symphysis Pubis / Pubic Symphysis

83
Q

s – is the flat medial or inner part adjacent to the symphysis pubis or pubic joint.

A

Body of the Pubis

84
Q

– part extending up, back and out from the body to the acetabulum

A

Superior or Ascending Ramus

85
Q

– part that passes down and back from the lower part of the body to meet the inferior ramus of the ischium.

A

Inferior or Descending Ramus

86
Q

– is the joint between the bodies of the two pubic bones

A

Symphysis Pubis / Pubic Symphysis

87
Q

Pelvic Divisions:

A

Pelvis Major (False pelvis)
Pelvis Minor (True pelvis)

88
Q
  • Located between the iliac fossae, superior to the pelvic brim

-Actually, part of the abdominal cavity

A

Pelvis Major (False pelvis)

89
Q
  • Located inferior to the oblique plane of the pelvic brim
  • Contains the urinary bladder, rectum, some reproductive organs and bowels.
A

Pelvis Minor (True pelvis)

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (23 decks)

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