ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTION

Question 1

• is a long tapering structure that lies transversely in the upper posterior abdomen behind the duodenum and stomach

Answer 1

PANCREAS or PANCREATIC GLAND

Question 2

– is it’s blunt, rounded which lies in the curve of the duodenum or C-loop.

Answer 2

Head of the Pancreas

Question 3

– is the long, tapering part extending to the (L) behind the stomach.

Answer 3

Body of the Pancreas

Question 4

– is its pointed (L) end.

Answer 4

Tail of the Pancreas

Question 5

– is a hollow tube that extends from the tail, through the body and head to join the Common Bile duct which carries the pancreatic fluid to the duodenum.

Answer 5

Pancreatic Duct/Duct of Wirsung

Question 6

The Pancreas is made up of many minute glands that manufacture and secrete digestive enzyme called ___________or juice which is collected by these tiny ducts.

Answer 6

“Pancreatic fluid”

Question 7

are small clumps of cells scattered throughout the Pancreas. They have no duct, but their secretions— “Insulin “is absorbed by the capillary blood vessels and this insulin is necessary for the utilization of Glucose by the cells.

Answer 7

Islets of Langerhans/Islands of Langerhans

Question 8

is the largest solid organ in the body and may weigh 3 pounds. It occupies the upper (R) abdomen but extends to the (L) side of the body. When viewed from the front, it is roughly triangular in shape.

Answer 8

LIVER

Question 9

Its upper surface is convex which corresponds to the dome of the diaphragm and is attached to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by

Answer 9

falciform ligament.

Question 10

The under surface of the liver is concave and has an impressions for the

Answer 10

(R) kidney, hepatic flexure and the gall bladder.

Question 11

are the one responsible in secreting bile into the bile ducts to approximately 1-3 pints per day.

Answer 11

Hepatic cells

Question 12

is one of the body’s most important organs, and it performs many metabolic roles.

Answer 12

LIVER

Question 13

has no enzymatic action but emulsifies fats, breaking up large fat particles into smaller ones, which creates a larger surface area for more efficient lipase activity. Without bile, very little fat digestion or absorption occurs.

Answer 13

Bile

Question 14

is a pear-shaped hollow organ which lies in an impression below the liver that serves as a reservoir for bile. It is located in the RUQ and opposite the ninth costal cartilage but may also be lower.

Answer 14

GALL BLADDER

Question 15

Parts of the Gall Bladder:

Answer 15

1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Neck

Question 16

• is a hollow tube that passes from the gall bladder to join the hepatic duct.

Answer 16

Cystic Duct (Ductus Cysticus)

Question 17

• is formed by the union of the (R)Hepatic duct or the Ductus Hepaticus Dexter and (L) Hepatic duct or Ductus Hepaticus Cummunis and cystic duct

Answer 17

Common Bile Duct (Ductus Choledochus)

Question 18

It passes down behind the descending duodenum and opens into the “Ampulla of Vater/Hepato-Pancreatic ampulla” which has a sphincter called

Answer 18

“Sphincter of Oddi”.

Question 19

have involuntary muscle in their walls which are capable of contracting to force bile into the duodenum. The presence of fat in the duodenum stimulates their contraction.

Answer 19

The Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts

Question 20

is another hormone with its source from the duodenum that increases output of enzymic-rich pancreatic juice, stimulates the Gall Bladder to expel stored bile and it relaxes the sphincter of oddi to allow bile and pancreatic juice to enter the duodenum

Answer 20

Cholecystokinin

Question 21

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

Answer 21

1. To take in water, salts, vitamins and food and to digest the food so that it may be absorbed.
2. To absorb these food constituents.
3. To get rid of waste products as feces.

Question 22

– is the breaking up or the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to simple molecules that can be absorbed and used by body cells.

Answer 22

DIGESTION

Question 23

– is the passage of digested products through lining membrane of the bowel into the blood or lymph capillaries.

Answer 23

ABSORPTION

Question 24

FOODS CONTAIN THREE (3) ESSENTIAL TYPES OF COMPOUNDS:

Answer 24

Protein
Carbohydrates
fats

Question 25

– are complex organic compounds containing nitrogen. They are found in lean meat (muscles), milk, eggs, grains and beans. Protein must be digested to “Amino acids” before they can be absorbed, which is necessary for the building up and repair of body cells.

Answer 25

Protein

Question 26

– includes starches and sugar. This must be digested into simple sugar such as Glucose and Fructose before it is absorbed.

Answer 26

Carbohydrates

Question 27

– are also complex molecules of fatty acids and glycerin. Fats should be first emulsified by the bile or broken up into minute globules and splitted into fatty acid and glycerin before it is absorbed.

Answer 27

Fats