REVIEWER FOR MIDTERMS Flashcards
The Upper extremity is called the “Upper Limb” that includes:
- The Shoulder
- Arm/Humerus/Brachium
- Forearm/ Antebrachium
- Wrist
- Hand
– is a flat triangular bone lying against the upper, lateral, posterior chest wall.
SCAPULA or SHOULDER BLADE
The Shoulder has two bones forming the Shoulder Girdle:
- Scapula
- Clavicle
– is flat and triangular which has Three Borders:
Body of the Scapula
– the inner border that lies close to the vertebral column.
Vertebral or Medial Border
– is the short upper border which has a depression on the lateral end called “Scapular Notch
Upper or Superior Border
– is the inner end at its junction with the vertebral border.
Medial or Superior Angle
– is the outer border that lies behind and close to the armpit.
Axillary or Lateral Border
– is the rounded lower end of the body of the scapula.
Inferior Angle
– is a narrow ridge or crest of bone that projects back from the posterior surface of the body. It passes transversely from the medial to the lateral border.
This divides the posterior surface of the scapular body into the “Supraspinatus fossa” and “Infraspinatus fossa”.
Spine of the Scapula/Scapular spine
– is a flat rounded bony prominence continuous with the lateral end of the spine of the scapula.
Acromion
– is a beak-like projection of bone continuous with and projecting forward from the neck of the scapula.
Coracoid Process
– is the thickened, slightly constricted part from the body.
Neck of Scapula
– is a poorly defined slightly expanded part lateral to the neck.
Head of Scapula
– is an oval depression on the outer surface of the head, somewhat cup-shaped. This accommodates the head of the humerus, forming the shoulder joint.
Glenoid Cavity
PARTS OF THE SCAPULA
BODY OF THE SCAPULA
SPINE OF THE SCAPULA/SCAPULAR SPINE
ACROMION
HEAD OF SCAPULA
NECK OF SCAPULA
GLENOID CAVITY
CORACOID PROCESS
ANGLES OF SCAPULA
MEDIAL OR SUPERIOR ANGLE
INFERIOR ANGLE
-is a long cylindrical bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow joint.
HUMERUS/ARM/BRACHIUM
is a long slender bone resembling somewhat an old fashion key. It has a double curve or depression called the “Supra and Infra Clavicular fossa that lies horizontally in front of the upper thorax.
CLAVICLE
Parts of the Humerus:
HEAD OF HUMERUS
ANATOMICAL NECK
GREATER TUBERCLE/TUBERCULUM MAJUS
LESSER TUBERCLE/TUBERCULUM MINOR
SURGICAL NECK
SHAFT/BODY/DIAPYSIS
DELTOID TUBERCLE/DELTOID TUBEROSITY
TROCHLEA/PULLEY
CAPITILUM/CAPITELLUM
CORONOID FOSSA
OLECRANON FOSSA
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
LATERAL EPICONDYLE
– is the smooth, expanded, rounded upper end that articulate with the Glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the “Shoulder joint”.
Head of the Humerus
– is the slightly constricted, obliquely directed part adjacent to the head.
Anatomical Neck
– is a small bony prominence on the front of the upper humerus just below the anatomical neck.
Lesser Tubercle/Tuberculum Minor
– is the large rounded bony prominence on the upper, lateral border just below the anatomical neck.
It has a small depression for the insertion of the Spinatus muscle.
Greater Tubercle/Tuberculum Majus
– is the constricted part of the upper humerus below the tubercles. It is called surgical neck as fracture may occur in this area especially in elderly.
Surgical Neck
– is the long-rounded part that becomes flattened from front to back as it approaches the elbow.
Shaft/Body/Diaphysis
– is a rough prominence on the front or anterior surface above the midpoint of the humerus into which the Deltoid muscle inserts.
Deltoid Tubercle/Deltoid Tuberosity
– is that part on the distal end of the humerus that articulate with the semi-lunar notch of the ulna.
Trochlea/Pulley
– is a depression on the front of the humerus immediately above the trochlea.
- The Coronoid process of the ulna fits into this fossa when the forearm is flexed
Coronoid Fossa
– is a small rounded prominence also on the lower end of the humerus that lies on the outer or lateral side of the trochlea.
Capitulum/Capitellum
– is a depression on the back or posterior surface of the humerus above the trochlea into which the olecranon fits when the forearm is extended
Olecranon Fossa
– is a similar bony prominence on the outer border of the lower humerus.
Lateral Epicondyle
– is a knuckle-like rounded bony prominence on the medial border of the lower humerus above the trochlea.
Medial Epicondyle
– is the constricted part immediately below the head.
Neck