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RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > CIRCULATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the Circulatory System:

A
  1. Heart
  2. Arteries
  3. Arterioles
  4. Capillaries
  5. Venules
  6. Veins
  7. Lymph Vascular / Lymphatic system
  8. Reticulo-Endothelial structures
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2
Q

Is the pump for the Circulatory system that lies in the lower anterior chest in the middle mediastinum

A

HEART

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3
Q

–partition between the 2 halves of the chest dividing it into (R) and (L) hemithorax.

A

mediastinum

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4
Q

Three Covering of the Heart:

A

ENDOCARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
PERICARDIUM

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5
Q

–is the thin lining membrane of the heart which covers the surfaces of the valves within the heart.

A

Endocardium

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6
Q

–is the special striated muscle of the heart which is thick at the (L) ventricle and contract to decrease the size of the heart and force blood out of its chambers.

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

is the outer covering of the heart which is consists of 2 layers:

A

Pericardium

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8
Q

–is the inner layer close to the muscle layer.

A

Visceral Pericardium

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9
Q

– is the outer layer which forms a thin sac within which the heart contract.

A

Parietal Pericardium

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10
Q

FOUR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

A
  1. (L) Atrium or (L) Auricle
  2. (R) Atrium or (R) Auricle
  3. (L) Ventricle
  4. (R) Ventricle
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11
Q

guard these openings to prevent blood from flowing back to the Atria from the Ventricle

A

Flap valves

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12
Q

–is that part of the main septum between the two Atria.

A

Interatrial Septum

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13
Q

–is that part of the main septum that separates the two ventricles.

A

Interventricular Septum

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14
Q

– is the anterior part of the (L) ventricle that opens into the Pulmonary artery.

A

Conus Arteriosus or Pulmonary Conus

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15
Q

– are the first two branches of the Aorta and supply the heart with blood

A

Coronary Arteries

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16
Q

–between the atrium and ventricle on each side.

A

Atrio-Ventricular openings

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17
Q

–in the (R Atrium)

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava openings

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18
Q

has 4 openings, one for each of the Pulmonary veins.

A

(L) Atrium

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19
Q

—the pulmonary orifice

A

(R) Ventricle has an opening

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20
Q

– the Aortic orifice.

A

(L) Ventricle has an opening

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21
Q

–carry blood from the heart to the lungs and return it to the Heart.

A

Pulmonary Arteries and Veins

22
Q

–carry blood from the heart to all other parts of the body and return it to the heart via the Aorta and Vena Cava.

A

Systemic Arteries and Veins

23
Q

carry blood AWAY from the ventricles of the heart.

A

ARTERIES

24
Q

Arteries maybe compared to a tree with two trunks—the

A

“Pulmonary Artery” and the “Aorta”.

25
Q

Are the final branches of the arteries and are present in all tissues supplied with blood.

A

ARTERIOLES

26
Q

Are very minute hair-like vessels form networks between the small arterioles and the venules.

A

CAPILLARIES

27
Q

Are the smallest veins and it corresponds to the arterioles. They are formed by the union of the capillary vessels.

A

VENULES

28
Q

Form the two collecting systems and bring blood back to the heart. They are formed by the union of venules.

A

VEINS

29
Q

– veins that lie close to the skin.

A

Superficial veins

30
Q

– veins that lie at a deeper level and usually accompany an artery.

A

Deep Veins

31
Q

–is the second collecting system and its function is draining off tissue fluids and products of cell activity.

A

Lymph Vascular or Lymphatic System

32
Q

– is the name given to the fluid circulating in the lymphatic vessels which is colorless except when fat is being absorbed.

A

LYMPH

33
Q

– form a close network of very thin-walled vessels like the blood capillaries. They are present in every part of 65 the body and are more in the lining membranes of the body cavities— pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and synovial membranes of the joints

A

Lymph Capillaries

34
Q

–are tubes formed by the union of the Lymph capillaries

A

Lymph Vessels

35
Q

–are small oval bodies ranging in size. They are distributed along the course of the lymph vessels sometimes single but usually in groups or in chains.

A

Lymph Nodes/Glands

36
Q

–is a large lymph trunk which begins in the upper abdomen by the union of lymph vessels.

A

Thoracic Duct

37
Q

– is formed by the union of the lymph vessels of the thorax, the (R) jugular and subclavian lymph trunk.

A

(R) Lymph Duct

38
Q

– includes the Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Liver which have a Reticulo-Endothelial cells that takes up foreign material, dead bacteria, dead cells, dyes, etc…

They act as filters of the blood and store lipoids and iron

A

Reticulo-Endothelial Structures

39
Q

– is an organ that lies under the (L) diaphragm in the upper (L) abdomen. Its function is to filter worn-out Red Blood

A

Spleen

40
Q

– consists of a layer of flat endothelial cells lining the vessel like a cobblestone pavement that forms the inner lining of both vein and artery.

A

Internal Coat / Tunica Intima

41
Q

– forms the middle layer that consist of a layer or visceral or involuntary muscle fibers which encircle the vessel

A

Middle Coat / Tunica Media

42
Q

–forms the outer layer that consist of connective tissue

A

Outer Coat / Tunica Adventitia

43
Q

–is a pump to force blood through blood vessels.

A

Heart

44
Q

form a distributing system and carry blood to all parts of the body.

A

Arteries

45
Q

– are the collecting systems which return blood to the heart.

A

Veins and Lymphatics

46
Q

Blood which has been returned to the (R) Atrium through the Vena Cava passes into the (R) Ventricle. With contraction of the (R) ventricle, blood passes into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. It passes through the capillary vessels of the air sacs. It receives a supply of oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide and moisture. It is then collected by the two pulmonary veins of each lung and is returned to the (L) Atrium to be pumped out to the body tissues.

A

THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION:

47
Q

Oxygenated blood from the (L) Atrium enter the (L) ventricle. It is pumped into the Aorta, it goes to all organs and tissues of the body. It enters the capillaries of these organs. It gives up its supply of oxygen and other products. It takes up carbon dioxide and waste products. The blood then passes thru the veins to the Superior or Inferior Vena Cava and back to the (L) Atrium.

A

THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION:

48
Q

Blood is distributed by the branches of the Abdominal Aorta to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, gall bladder and spleen. After circulating through the capillaries of these organs.
It is collected in veins that join together to form the PORTAL VEIN

A

THE PORTAL CIRCULATION:

49
Q

enters the liver, it breaks up into capillaries which then re-unite to form the Hepatic vein

A

Portal vein

50
Q

leaves the liver and empties into the inferior vena cava.

A

Hepatic vein

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (23 decks)

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