CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

Parts of the Circulatory System:

Answer 1

1. Heart
2. Arteries
3. Arterioles
4. Capillaries
5. Venules
6. Veins
7. Lymph Vascular / Lymphatic system
8. Reticulo-Endothelial structures

Question 2

Is the pump for the Circulatory system that lies in the lower anterior chest in the middle mediastinum

Answer 2

HEART

Question 3

–partition between the 2 halves of the chest dividing it into (R) and (L) hemithorax.

Answer 3

mediastinum

Question 4

Three Covering of the Heart:

Answer 4

ENDOCARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
PERICARDIUM

Question 5

–is the thin lining membrane of the heart which covers the surfaces of the valves within the heart.

Answer 5

Endocardium

Question 6

–is the special striated muscle of the heart which is thick at the (L) ventricle and contract to decrease the size of the heart and force blood out of its chambers.

Answer 6

Myocardium

Question 7

is the outer covering of the heart which is consists of 2 layers:

Answer 7

Pericardium

Question 8

–is the inner layer close to the muscle layer.

Answer 8

Visceral Pericardium

Question 9

– is the outer layer which forms a thin sac within which the heart contract.

Answer 9

Parietal Pericardium

Question 10

FOUR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

Answer 10

1. (L) Atrium or (L) Auricle
2. (R) Atrium or (R) Auricle
3. (L) Ventricle
4. (R) Ventricle

Question 11

guard these openings to prevent blood from flowing back to the Atria from the Ventricle

Answer 11

Flap valves

Question 12

–is that part of the main septum between the two Atria.

Answer 12

Interatrial Septum

Question 13

–is that part of the main septum that separates the two ventricles.

Answer 13

Interventricular Septum

Question 14

– is the anterior part of the (L) ventricle that opens into the Pulmonary artery.

Answer 14

Conus Arteriosus or Pulmonary Conus

Question 15

– are the first two branches of the Aorta and supply the heart with blood

Answer 15

Coronary Arteries

Question 16

–between the atrium and ventricle on each side.

Answer 16

Atrio-Ventricular openings

Question 17

–in the (R Atrium)

Answer 17

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava openings

Question 18

has 4 openings, one for each of the Pulmonary veins.

Answer 18

(L) Atrium

Question 19

—the pulmonary orifice

Answer 19

(R) Ventricle has an opening

Question 20

– the Aortic orifice.

Answer 20

(L) Ventricle has an opening

Question 21

–carry blood from the heart to the lungs and return it to the Heart.

Answer 21

Pulmonary Arteries and Veins

Question 22

–carry blood from the heart to all other parts of the body and return it to the heart via the Aorta and Vena Cava.

Answer 22

Systemic Arteries and Veins

Question 23

carry blood AWAY from the ventricles of the heart.

Answer 23

ARTERIES

Question 24

Arteries maybe compared to a tree with two trunks—the

Answer 24

“Pulmonary Artery” and the “Aorta”.

Question 25

Are the final branches of the arteries and are present in all tissues supplied with blood.

Answer 25

ARTERIOLES

Question 26

Are very minute hair-like vessels form networks between the small arterioles and the venules.

Answer 26

CAPILLARIES

Question 27

Are the smallest veins and it corresponds to the arterioles. They are formed by the union of the capillary vessels.

Answer 27

VENULES

Question 28

Form the two collecting systems and bring blood back to the heart. They are formed by the union of venules.

Answer 28

VEINS

Question 29

– veins that lie close to the skin.

Answer 29

Superficial veins

Question 30

– veins that lie at a deeper level and usually accompany an artery.

Answer 30

Deep Veins

Question 31

–is the second collecting system and its function is draining off tissue fluids and products of cell activity.

Answer 31

Lymph Vascular or Lymphatic System

Question 32

– is the name given to the fluid circulating in the lymphatic vessels which is colorless except when fat is being absorbed.

Answer 32

LYMPH

Question 33

– form a close network of very thin-walled vessels like the blood capillaries. They are present in every part of 65 the body and are more in the lining membranes of the body cavities— pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and synovial membranes of the joints

Answer 33

Lymph Capillaries

Question 34

–are tubes formed by the union of the Lymph capillaries

Answer 34

Lymph Vessels

Question 35

–are small oval bodies ranging in size. They are distributed along the course of the lymph vessels sometimes single but usually in groups or in chains.

Answer 35

Lymph Nodes/Glands

Question 36

–is a large lymph trunk which begins in the upper abdomen by the union of lymph vessels.

Answer 36

Thoracic Duct

Question 37

– is formed by the union of the lymph vessels of the thorax, the (R) jugular and subclavian lymph trunk.

Answer 37

(R) Lymph Duct

Question 38

– includes the Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Liver which have a Reticulo-Endothelial cells that takes up foreign material, dead bacteria, dead cells, dyes, etc…

They act as filters of the blood and store lipoids and iron

Answer 38

Reticulo-Endothelial Structures

Question 39

– is an organ that lies under the (L) diaphragm in the upper (L) abdomen. Its function is to filter worn-out Red Blood

Answer 39

Spleen

Question 40

– consists of a layer of flat endothelial cells lining the vessel like a cobblestone pavement that forms the inner lining of both vein and artery.

Answer 40

Internal Coat / Tunica Intima

Question 41

– forms the middle layer that consist of a layer or visceral or involuntary muscle fibers which encircle the vessel

Answer 41

Middle Coat / Tunica Media

Question 42

–forms the outer layer that consist of connective tissue

Answer 42

Outer Coat / Tunica Adventitia

Question 43

–is a pump to force blood through blood vessels.

Answer 43

Heart

Question 44

form a distributing system and carry blood to all parts of the body.

Answer 44

Arteries

Question 45

– are the collecting systems which return blood to the heart.

Answer 45

Veins and Lymphatics

Question 46

Blood which has been returned to the (R) Atrium through the Vena Cava passes into the (R) Ventricle. With contraction of the (R) ventricle, blood passes into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. It passes through the capillary vessels of the air sacs. It receives a supply of oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide and moisture. It is then collected by the two pulmonary veins of each lung and is returned to the (L) Atrium to be pumped out to the body tissues.

Answer 46

THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION:

Question 47

Oxygenated blood from the (L) Atrium enter the (L) ventricle. It is pumped into the Aorta, it goes to all organs and tissues of the body. It enters the capillaries of these organs. It gives up its supply of oxygen and other products. It takes up carbon dioxide and waste products. The blood then passes thru the veins to the Superior or Inferior Vena Cava and back to the (L) Atrium.

Answer 47

THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION:

Question 48

Blood is distributed by the branches of the Abdominal Aorta to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, gall bladder and spleen. After circulating through the capillaries of these organs.
It is collected in veins that join together to form the PORTAL VEIN

Answer 48

THE PORTAL CIRCULATION:

Question 49

enters the liver, it breaks up into capillaries which then re-unite to form the Hepatic vein

Answer 49

Portal vein

Question 50

leaves the liver and empties into the inferior vena cava.

Answer 50

Hepatic vein