Urinary Elimination Flashcards
Oliguria
Diminished urine output of 35cc over 24 hours
Dribbling
Leakage of urine despite voluntary control
Functional incontinence
Total uncontrollable and continuous loss of urine
Residual urine
Irvine in bladder after urination
Minimal urinary output
30 ml per hour
Anuria
Kidney don’t produce urine
Dysuria
Painful urination
Gycosuria
Blood sugar in urine
Nocturia
Waking during the night to urine
Polyuria
Urinates more than usual
Proteinuria
Protein in urine
Pyuria
Abnormal number of WBC in urine
Turbidity
Fresh should be clear
Anticoagulants
Red urine
Diuretics
Pale yellow
PyridiUm
Orange or orange red urine
(E)lavilv
Green or blue green urine
Levodopa
Brown or black urine
Factor effecting urination
- When body is functioning well the kidneys help the body balance the intake and output which should be about equal
- when the body is dehydrated the kidneys overuse or fluid and producing more concentrated urine and the amount is decreased when dehydrated, with fluid overload the kidneys excrete and large quantity of diluted urine
Muscle tone
During prolonged periods of immobility, decreased bladder in Spencer tone came result in poor urination control and urinary stasis
People with indwelling urinary catheter lose bladder tone
Diseases associated with renal problems include
- congenital urination
- polycystic kidney disease
Renal failure is a condition in which the kidneys fail to remove Mela Bolick and products from the blood and are unable to regulate fluid, electrolyte and pH balance
Urinary elimination special considerations for post operative needs
- Monitor intake and output
- assist in assuming normal position to void by using an upright position went on a bedpan and using a bedside commode
- assess male patient to stand upright to avoid with a urinal
- assess for bladder distention by palpating above the symphysis pubis if the patient has not voided within eight hours after surgery or if the patient has been avoiding frequently in amounts less than 50 mL
- maintain prescribed intravenous fluid infusion rates
- encourage oral fluid intake
- provide privacy
- Initiate catheterization if prescribed
Routine urinalysis
- does not require sterile technique
- Clean bed pan, you’re not or hat in toilet
Clean- catch or midstream specimen
Collect during midstream
Catheterizing
- indwelling catheter or in an out catheterization into bladder
- Sterile specimen
24 hour urine specimen
- collect all urine in a 24 hour period
- please sign on patient’s bathroom door as a reminder
- ask patient to empty bladder, discard this urine, thank light a voided for the next 24 hours. At the end of the 24 hours ask the patient to do it now and send entire specimen to the lab
Assessing elimination patterns
- patient voiding habits
- current and past boarding difficulties
- recent changes
- frequency/ amount
- In infants make sure to you by the way how many wet diapers produced per day
- evaluate how many wet briefs the incarnate older adult places per day
If patient is out of normal place pattern may change
Cystoscopy
Nurses responsibility obtain information/consent provide sedation and pain meds if prescribed
Intravenous pyrlogram
Radiographic examination of the kidney and ureter after contrast material is injected intravenously
Retrograde pyelogram
Keep patients NPO, obtain history, including allergies
Renal calculi
- A pebble made from waste molecules in the urine
Signs: pain usually inside of admin or back, nausea/vomiting, blood in urine/frequent urination
Can cause blockage- urinate obstruction
Treatment/ interventions: increase fluid intake, stone removal
Urinary retention
- retains urine after voiding
- feelings of pressure, discomfort, tenderness over the synthesis pubis, restlessness and diaphoresis
Key assessment:
- absence of urinary output- may still have urge to void
- distended bladder
Coffee effect
Act as a diuretic making patient urinate frequently
Measuring intake and output output
INTAKE:
- includes all PO, TF/PEG and IV
- all liquid food and fluids
OUPUT:
- bedpan, urinal, toilet hat
- disposable briefs
- catheter drainage bag
What to assess when assessing urinary system
- urinary function
- skin color, texture, turgor
- characteristics of urine
- measure food/fluid
- if blood in female sample ask about period
Emotional stress effect
May cause frequency
Nursing interventions
- focus on maintaining and promoting normal urinate patterns
- how to assist to meet their goals to overcome fluid deficits
- increase fluids
- monitor I&O
- take to BR timely
- privacy
- teach hygiene and infection control
Stress inconvenience
When intra-abdomen pressure increases, urinary dribbling of approximate loss of 50 ml or less
