Disgnostic And Lab Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Electro diagnostic test

A
  • measure electrical activity
  • electrodes detect electrical activity
  • impulses transmitted for viewing
  • non invasive; no consent form

1) EKG- measures electrical activity of the heart
2) EEG- measures electrical activity in the brain; epilepsy
3) EMG- measures muscle activity and nerve cells

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2
Q

Endoscopic

A
  • inspection of the internal body organs/cavities with a scope
  • permits biopsy/removal of tissues
  • invasive !!!

1) colonoscopy
2) signmodoscopy
3) proctoscopy
4) knee artoscopy
5) bronchoscopy
6) cystoscopy

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3
Q

Following a colonoscopy instruct patient to do/ expect

A
  • Inspect store for visible blood to determine if Bow was perforated during procedure
  • experience gas pains- Air is pumped into the bow during procedure
  • drink large amount of fluid when fully alert- Will make up for the dehydration associated with bowel preparation
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4
Q

X-Ray

A
  • radiation passes through tissue and bone directly ( x ray)
  • contrast material:
    • iodine= injected into vein to enhance
    • barium= upper/ lower GI ( white chalky substance)

1) arteriogram
2) barium swallow ( upper GI)
3) barium enema (lower GI)
4) chest X-ray
5) cardiac catheterization

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5
Q

Oral contrast

A

Make sure patient doesn’t have allergies to what is in it check can you function and creatine levels

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6
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Catheter inserted and contrast material injected an image used to capture a small dose of ionizing radiation

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7
Q

Computed tomography (CT scan)

A
  • special type of X-ray
  • takes images in various “planes” or slices
  • enlarges images to 3D
  • contrast material may be used
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8
Q

Barium

A

Can make consulates many need a laxative

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9
Q

Iodine consideration

A

Make sure they are not allergic

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10
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A
  • non invasive
  • based on how hydrogen atoms behave in a magnetic field
  • restricted use with metal implants or pacemakers
  • generate images of organs
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11
Q

Nuclear scanning

A
  • drugs containing radiation given to patient
  • special scanner to text radiation emission
  • produces visual image on screen
  • identifies abnormalities
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12
Q

Ultrasound

A
  • High frequency sound waves are directed at internal body structures
  • Record is made of wave pulses as they are reflected through the tissues

1) abdominal
2) obstetrical ( relating to child birth)

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13
Q

Culture sensitivity

A

Collected before starting antibiotics and put into sterile container

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14
Q

Blood specimen

A
  • collected by a nurse or a lab technician
  • may be NPO !!

1) venous
2) arterial
3) capillary

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15
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A
Includes:
WBC
RBC
HCT
HGB
Platelets
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16
Q

White blood cell count

A
  • Adult values: 5,000-10,000/mm3
  • > 10,000 = leukocytosis(infection, inflammation, trauma, dehydration)
  • < 5,000 = leukopenia ( immunodeficiency)
  • function: fight infection
17
Q

Differential count

A

% of the total number of WBC

  • neutrophils
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
18
Q

Red blood cells count

A

Male: 4.7-6.1
Female: 4.2-5.4

Function: carry O2!from lungs to rest of our bodies, blood viscosity

19
Q

Anemia

A

Lack of red blood cells

Pale skin, dizziness, fast heart beat

20
Q

Hematocrit

A

Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%

% of RBC in the volume of whole blood

Function: reflects the amount of space in the blood that occupied by RBCs

21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Male: 14-18
Female: 12-16

Function: oxygen carrying ability

22
Q

Low hemoglobin

A

Risk of stroke

23
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-400,000

< 100,000 thrombocytopenia
< 20,000 spontaneous bleeding

Function: clotting of blood

Platelet transfusion = special nursing care

24
Q

Blood chemistry

A

Test done on a sample of blood to measure amount of certain substances in the body

Ex: BMP, CMP

25
Basic metabolic panel (BMP)
Info on body fluid balance, levels of electrolytes and how well kidneys are working
26
Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)
Info about bodies chemical balance and metabolism
27
Blood glucose
79-110 - may be fasting - spills into urine when > 180; exceeds renal threshold
28
Fasting
No caloric intake for at least 8h
29
Hemoglobin A1c
- Non diabetic: 4%-5.9% - Good control: under 7% - Fair control: 8%-9% - Bad control: over 9% Test to monitor diabetes treatment, provides a long term index of patient blood glucose (past 3 months)
30
Albumin
3.5-5 Need proper balance to keep fluid from leaking out blood vessels, gives body proteins it needs to keep growing/repairing tissues, carries vital nutrients and hormones
31
Prealbumin
15-36 Indicates nutritional status, liver function
32
BUN- blood urine nitrogen
10-20 - directly proportional to renal excretory function - elevated with dehydration and renal disorders
33
Creatinine
Male: 0.6-1.2 Female: 0.5-1.0 Used to diagnose impaired renal function
34
GFR - glomerular filtration rate
Creatinine is proportional to GFR- decreased with impaired kidney function, CHF, dehydration
35
Blood lipids
Include total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides Elevated levels pose risk for coronary heart disease
36
Electrolytes
- NA ( sodium) 136-145 - K (potassium) 3.5-5 - CO2 (bicarbonate) 23-30 - CL (chloride) 98-106 Not on routine: - C (calcium) 8.6-10.3 - MG (magnesium) 1.3-2.1
37
Urinalysis
Color: light yellow, straw, amber yellow Odor: aromatic Clarity: clear Specific gravity: 1.006-1.030 PH: 4.6-8 Protein: negative Glucose: negative Ketones: negative Blood: negative
38
Fatigue
- anemia - low hgb - low hct - low RBC
39
Fluid volume deficit
- hct increase when severe - hgb increase - urinalysis specific gravity height