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Nursing 134 fundamentals > Disgnostic And Lab Testing > Flashcards

Disgnostic And Lab Testing Flashcards

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1
Q

Electro diagnostic test

A
  • measure electrical activity
  • electrodes detect electrical activity
  • impulses transmitted for viewing
  • non invasive; no consent form

1) EKG- measures electrical activity of the heart
2) EEG- measures electrical activity in the brain; epilepsy
3) EMG- measures muscle activity and nerve cells

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2
Q

Endoscopic

A
  • inspection of the internal body organs/cavities with a scope
  • permits biopsy/removal of tissues
  • invasive !!!

1) colonoscopy
2) signmodoscopy
3) proctoscopy
4) knee artoscopy
5) bronchoscopy
6) cystoscopy

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3
Q

Following a colonoscopy instruct patient to do/ expect

A
  • Inspect store for visible blood to determine if Bow was perforated during procedure
  • experience gas pains- Air is pumped into the bow during procedure
  • drink large amount of fluid when fully alert- Will make up for the dehydration associated with bowel preparation
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4
Q

X-Ray

A
  • radiation passes through tissue and bone directly ( x ray)
  • contrast material:
    • iodine= injected into vein to enhance
    • barium= upper/ lower GI ( white chalky substance)

1) arteriogram
2) barium swallow ( upper GI)
3) barium enema (lower GI)
4) chest X-ray
5) cardiac catheterization

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5
Q

Oral contrast

A

Make sure patient doesn’t have allergies to what is in it check can you function and creatine levels

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6
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Catheter inserted and contrast material injected an image used to capture a small dose of ionizing radiation

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7
Q

Computed tomography (CT scan)

A
  • special type of X-ray
  • takes images in various “planes” or slices
  • enlarges images to 3D
  • contrast material may be used
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8
Q

Barium

A

Can make consulates many need a laxative

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9
Q

Iodine consideration

A

Make sure they are not allergic

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10
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A
  • non invasive
  • based on how hydrogen atoms behave in a magnetic field
  • restricted use with metal implants or pacemakers
  • generate images of organs
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11
Q

Nuclear scanning

A
  • drugs containing radiation given to patient
  • special scanner to text radiation emission
  • produces visual image on screen
  • identifies abnormalities
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12
Q

Ultrasound

A
  • High frequency sound waves are directed at internal body structures
  • Record is made of wave pulses as they are reflected through the tissues

1) abdominal
2) obstetrical ( relating to child birth)

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13
Q

Culture sensitivity

A

Collected before starting antibiotics and put into sterile container

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14
Q

Blood specimen

A
  • collected by a nurse or a lab technician
  • may be NPO !!

1) venous
2) arterial
3) capillary

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15
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A 
Includes:
WBC
RBC
HCT
HGB
Platelets
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16
Q

White blood cell count

A
  • Adult values: 5,000-10,000/mm3
  • > 10,000 = leukocytosis(infection, inflammation, trauma, dehydration)
  • < 5,000 = leukopenia ( immunodeficiency)
  • function: fight infection
17
Q

Differential count

A

% of the total number of WBC

  • neutrophils
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
18
Q

Red blood cells count

A

Male: 4.7-6.1
Female: 4.2-5.4

Function: carry O2!from lungs to rest of our bodies, blood viscosity

19
Q

Anemia

A

Lack of red blood cells

Pale skin, dizziness, fast heart beat

20
Q

Hematocrit

A

Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%

% of RBC in the volume of whole blood

Function: reflects the amount of space in the blood that occupied by RBCs

21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Male: 14-18
Female: 12-16

Function: oxygen carrying ability

22
Q

Low hemoglobin

A

Risk of stroke

23
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-400,000

< 100,000 thrombocytopenia
< 20,000 spontaneous bleeding

Function: clotting of blood

Platelet transfusion = special nursing care

24
Q

Blood chemistry

A

Test done on a sample of blood to measure amount of certain substances in the body

Ex: BMP, CMP

25
Q

Basic metabolic panel (BMP)

A

Info on body fluid balance, levels of electrolytes and how well kidneys are working

26
Q

Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

A

Info about bodies chemical balance and metabolism

27
Q

Blood glucose

A

79-110

  • may be fasting
  • spills into urine when > 180; exceeds renal threshold
28
Q

Fasting

A

No caloric intake for at least 8h

29
Q

Hemoglobin A1c

A
  • Non diabetic: 4%-5.9%
  • Good control: under 7%
  • Fair control: 8%-9%
  • Bad control: over 9%

Test to monitor diabetes treatment, provides a long term index of patient blood glucose (past 3 months)

30
Q

Albumin

A

3.5-5

Need proper balance to keep fluid from leaking out blood vessels, gives body proteins it needs to keep growing/repairing tissues, carries vital nutrients and hormones

31
Q

Prealbumin

A

15-36

Indicates nutritional status, liver function

32
Q

BUN- blood urine nitrogen

A

10-20

  • directly proportional to renal excretory function
  • elevated with dehydration and renal disorders
33
Q

Creatinine

A

Male: 0.6-1.2
Female: 0.5-1.0

Used to diagnose impaired renal function

34
Q

GFR - glomerular filtration rate

A

Creatinine is proportional to GFR- decreased with impaired kidney function, CHF, dehydration

35
Q

Blood lipids

A

Include total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides

Elevated levels pose risk for coronary heart disease

36
Q

Electrolytes

A
  • NA ( sodium) 136-145
  • K (potassium) 3.5-5
  • CO2 (bicarbonate) 23-30
  • CL (chloride) 98-106

Not on routine:

  • C (calcium) 8.6-10.3
  • MG (magnesium) 1.3-2.1
37
Q

Urinalysis

A

Color: light yellow, straw, amber yellow

Odor: aromatic

Clarity: clear

Specific gravity: 1.006-1.030

PH: 4.6-8

Protein: negative

Glucose: negative

Ketones: negative

Blood: negative

38
Q

Fatigue

A
  • anemia
  • low hgb
  • low hct
  • low RBC
39
Q

Fluid volume deficit

A
  • hct increase when severe
  • hgb increase
  • urinalysis specific gravity height

Nursing 134 fundamentals (31 decks)

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