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Nursing 134 fundamentals > Stress And Coping > Flashcards

Stress And Coping Flashcards

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1
Q

What is stress

A

The human body’s response to change and in its normal state

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2
Q

Types of stressors

A

Internal
External
Physiological
Psychological

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3
Q

Internal stressors

A

Illness
Hormonal change
Fear

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4
Q

External stressors

A

Temperature change
Loud noises
Attacks
Conflicts

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5
Q

Physiological stressor types

A 
Chemical agents/ drugs
Physical changes (heat, cold, trauma) 
Infection
Nutritional imbalance 
Immune disorder
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6
Q

Physiological stressor

A

External/ internal condition that changes the homeostasis

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7
Q

Psychological stressor

A

Feeling of emotional stress or pressure

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8
Q

Psychological stressor types

A

Traumatic event
Fear/ victimization
Media exposure
Change in way of living

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9
Q

Effects of stress

A 
Change in appetite, activity, sleep level
Is withdrawn/isolated
Aggressive behaviors/blaming others
Lack of control
Increase in P, R, BP
constipation or diarrhea
Dry mouth, headaches
Back ache/stiff neck
Weight gain/loss
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10
Q

Affects of long-term stress

A

Effects physical status
Increased risk for disease or injury
Compromises recovery and return to normal function

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11
Q

Sources of stress

A

Developmental
Situational
Personal

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12
Q

Developmental stress

A

Predictable

Certain task must be resolved to reduce stress

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13
Q

Situational stress

A

Unpredictable- can occur at anytime, at any stage of life

Can be positive or negative

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14
Q

Personal factors of stress

A

Developmental/ life stage
General health (nutrition, sleep, illness)
Mental health
Support system

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15
Q

Homeostasis

A

The mechanism within the body that work to maintain internal balance

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16
Q

Adaptation

A

The change that results from response to a stressor

17
Q

Local adaptation syndrome (LAS)

A

Localized response of the body to stress
Only involves a specific part of body
Short term

18
Q

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

Bio chemical model of stress responses that describes the bodies general response to stress

  • alarm reaction
  • Resistance stage
  • exhaustion stage
19
Q

Alarm reaction

A 
Tight when stressor is perceived
Fight or flight
Increase hormonal level
Shocked face- increase energy, alertness, O2, intake, BP
counter shock- reversal of shock phase
20
Q

Resistance stage

A

Try to adapt
Normalization of VS, hormones, energy production
Become exhausted with serve damage to the body
Stress may be confined to a smaller area (LAS) and regain homeostasis

21
Q

Exhaustion stage

A

Body attempts to rest to regain balance
Adaptive mechanisms fail/ unable and o resist effects of the stressor
Body may not be able to go back to normal

22
Q

Mind body interaction

A

Link between psychological stressors and physiology response

23
Q

Anxiety

A

Vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread
Caused by anticipation of danger/ fear of unknown threat
The most common human response to stress

24
Q

Mild anxiety

A

Benefits= increased motivation, outcome, alertness
Heightened senses
Facilitated problem-solving
Restlessness and increased questioning

25
Q

Moderate anxiety

A

Narrowed perceptual field to focus on the immediate concern
In attention to other details and communication
Quavering voice
Tremors
Increase muscle tension

26
Q

Severe anxiety

A 
Very narrow focus on specific detail
All behavior geared toward relief
Inability to learn
Easily distracted
Difficulty communicating verbally
Motor activity increased
Headache, tachycardia, dizziness
27
Q

Panic

A 
Loss of control
Experience of dread and terror
Increased activity, disoriented, decreased rational thoughts
Unable to verbally communicate
Agitation, trembling
Sensory change
Sweating, hyperventilating, dyspnea
28
Q

Coping mechanisms

A

Behaviors used to degree stress/anxiety
Often learn based on family, past experiences, social culture influences/expectations
Used to manage mild to moderate anxiety
Unconscious

29
Q

Common types of coping mechanisms

A 
Crying, laughing, sleeping, profanity 
Physical activity 
Smoking, drinking 
lack of eye contact 
Limiting relationships
30
Q

Types of maladaptive coping mechanisms

A

Over use of defensive mechanisms meatiness disorders

Addiction

31
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Unconscious reaction to stressors
How to protect persons self-esteem and are useful in mild to moderate anxiety
Can distort reality and create problems in extreme cases

32
Q

Examples of defense mechanisms

A 
Compensation
Denial
Displacement 
Projection
regression
33
Q

Promoting healthy stress response

A 
Exercise 
Rest and sleep
Nutrition- reduce salt, sugar, cholesterol 
Support system/ resource 
Use of stress management techniques
34
Q

Stress management techniques

A 
Relaxation 
Mediation 
Anticipatory guidance
Guided imagery 
Biofeedback

Nursing 134 fundamentals (31 decks)

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