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Medical Terminology > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

A

UTI
urinary tract infection

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2
Q

Elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in blood; also called azotemia

A

uremia
ur: urine
-emia: blood

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3
Q

High blood pressure that results from kidney disease

A

renal hypertension
ren: kidney
-al: pertaining to
hyper-: excessive, above normal
-tension: to stretch

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4
Q

Formation of calculi in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in urine (e.g., calcium and acid salts) solidify

A

nephrolithiasis
nephr/o: kidney
lith: stone, calculus
-iasis: abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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5
Q

ureter/o

A

ureters

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6
Q

Relating to or situated in the small, narrow spaces between tissues or parts of an organ

A

interstitial
interstitial nephritis is a kidney condition caused by swelling in the **tubules **that filter blood.

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7
Q

Form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

A

interstitial nephritis
nephr: kidney
-itis: inflammation

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8
Q

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

A

hypospadias
hyp/o: -under, below;
deficient
-spadias: slit, fissure

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9
Q

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called nighttime bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis

A

enuresis
en-: in, within
ur: urine
-esis: condition

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10
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease

A

edema

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11
Q

Painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition, such as cystitis

A

dysuria
dys-: bad; painful; difficult
-uria: urine

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12
Q

Increased formation and secretion of urine

A

diuresis
di-: double
ur: urine
-esis: condition

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13
Q

Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

A

azoturia
azot: nitrogenous compounds
-uria: urine

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14
Q

vesic/o/cele

A

hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder
Also referred to as Cystocele
vesic/o: bladder
-cele: hernia, swelling

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15
Q

cyst/o/scopy
cyst/o/: bladder
-scopy: visual examination

A

visual examinatin of the bladder

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16
Q
  • regulating the body’s tissue fluid
  • maintaining a balance of electrolytes
  • maintaining an acid-base balance (pH) in blood
A

functions of the kidney

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17
Q

Which organ is responsible for formation of urine

A

the kidneys

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18
Q

organs of the urinary system
Remember KUBU

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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19
Q

the body system that’s primary function is to remove the waste products of metabolism from blood by excreting them in urine

A

urinary system

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20
Q

ESRD
Looks like END

A

End-stage renal disease

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21
Q

specialties of a nephrologist

A

chronic kidney disease (CKD)
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
acute renal failure
kidney stones
high blood pressure
kidney transplantation
dialysis

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22
Q

is a physician who specializes in the care of patients with diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys

A

nephrologist

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23
Q

specializes in diagnosing and treating urinary problems in children.

A

pediatric urologist

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24
Q

specializes in treating urinary problems involving the female reproductive system,

A

urogynecologist

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25
Q

urologist:
1. performs surgery
2. treats urination problems, such as difficulty holding urine (incontinence) or obstruction of urinary flow as a result of tumors, stones, or other pathological conditions in the urinary organs. urologists manage male reproductive disorders, such as impotence (erectile dysfunction)

A

urologist

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26
Q

My kidneys are not functioning properly I need to dial the doctor to remove all this waste to regulate my body chemistry

A

Dialysis
Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

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27
Q

Urologist who treat males

A

Because the male urinary system is also part of their reproductive system, urologist will also treat men, these conditions include, but are not limited to, treatment of bladder cancer, infertility, and sexual dysfunctions.

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28
Q

Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female and the male urinary systems

A

Urologists

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29
Q

Symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

pH

30
Q

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

A

metabolism

31
Q

Bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder

A

cystocele
cyst/o: bladder
-cele: hernia, swelling

32
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

33
Q

I had bad diarrhea and have been depleted of potassium and sodium so I need to drink this so will be replenished

A

electrolytes
Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)

34
Q

Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

A

dialysis

35
Q

Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)

A

electrolytes

36
Q

nephr/o or ren/o

A

kidney

37
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

38
Q

adren/o or adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland
suprarenal gland

39
Q

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5 years, and includes common early signs, such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria; also called nephroblastoma

A

Wilms Tumor
Vilms

40
Q

Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood, and eventually necessitating dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

A

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
ren: kidney
-al: pertaining to

41
Q

cyst/o or vesic/o

A

bladder

42
Q

vesicocele or cystocele

A

a hernial protusion of the urinary bladder

43
Q

the main filtering unit of the kidney, composed of capillaries

A

glomerulus
the glomerulus always looks glamourous but I heard it’s just a filter!

44
Q

glomerul/o/pathy
-pathy: disease

A

disease of the glomerulus, which is a filter in the kidney

45
Q

meat/o

A

opening

46
Q

meat/us
-us: condition, structure

A

opening or tunnel through any part of the body

47
Q

hydr/o/nephr/osis

A

the abnormal condition of having water in the kidney
hydr/o: water
-osis: abnormal condition (used primarily with blood cells)

48
Q

pyel/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis
pyel/o: renal pelvis
-plasty: surgical repair

49
Q

ur/o

A

urine

50
Q

ur/emia or azotemia

A

urine in the blood
excessive levels of urea or other nitrogenous waste products in the blood,
ur/o:urine
-emia: blood condition

51
Q

urinary

A

urin/o
pertaining to urine or the urinary tract

52
Q

ureter/o/stenosis

A

narrowing or stricture of the ureter
-stenosis: narrowing, stricture
uret/o:ureter

53
Q

urethr/o/cele

A

hernia or swelling of the urethra
urethr/o: urethra
-cele: hernia, swelling

54
Q

lithiasis

A

abnormal condition of having a stone
lith/iasis
lith: stone, calculus
-iasis-abnormal condition of

55
Q

dia/lysis

A

process of removing toxic wastes from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so
dia-: through, across
-lysis: separation, destruction, loosening

56
Q

nephr/o/pathy

A

disease of the kidneys

57
Q

-pexy
fixation (of an organ)
nephr/o/pexy
nephr/o: kidney

A

surgical fixation of a kidney

58
Q

nephr/o/ptosis

A

downward displacement or dropping of the kidney

59
Q

lith/o/tripsy

A

crushing of a stone
lith/o: stone, calculus
-tripsy:crushing

60
Q

Olig

A

scanty or diminished amount

61
Q

olig/uria

A

scanty of diminished capacity to form or pass urine
-uria
urine
olig: scanty

62
Q

anuria

A

without urine

63
Q

poly/uria

A

excessive urination

64
Q

supra/ren/al

A

pertaining to the area above the kidney
supra-
above; excessive; superior
ren: kidney
-al: pertaining to

65
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

66
Q

a physician who specializes in the care of patients with diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys

A

nephrologist

67
Q

Chronic kidney disease
* is a gradual loss of kidney function that can lead to kidney failure
* this occurs when the kidneys get damaged overtime
* CKD also increases the risk of other health problems like heart disease and stroke

A

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

68
Q
  • Removing natural waste products and extra water from your body
  • Helping make red blood cells
  • Balancing important minerals in your body
  • Helping maintain your blood pressure
  • Keeping your bones healthy
A

job of the kidneys

69
Q

Risk factors for CKD
Diabetes
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Heart disease and/or heart failure
Obesity
Over the age of 60
Family history of CKD or kidney failure
Personal history of acute kidney injury (AKI)
Smoking and/or use of tobacco products

A
70
Q
  • a genetic disorder
  • causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid.
  • If too many cysts grow or if they get too big, the kidneys can become damaged
  • PKD cysts can slowly replace much of the kidneys, reducing kidney function and leading to kidney failure.
A

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

71
Q

This system removes the waste products of metabolism from blood by excreting them in urine

A

urinary system

Medical Terminology (55 decks)

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