Urinary Flashcards
Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream
UTI
urinary tract infection
Elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in blood; also called azotemia
uremia
ur: urine
-emia: blood
High blood pressure that results from kidney disease
renal hypertension
ren: kidney
-al: pertaining to
hyper-: excessive, above normal
-tension: to stretch
Formation of calculi in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in urine (e.g., calcium and acid salts) solidify
nephrolithiasis
nephr/o: kidney
lith: stone, calculus
-iasis: abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
ureter/o
ureters
Relating to or situated in the small, narrow spaces between tissues or parts of an organ
interstitial
interstitial nephritis is a kidney condition caused by swelling in the **tubules **that filter blood.
Form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
interstitial nephritis
nephr: kidney
-itis: inflammation
Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
hypospadias
hyp/o: -under, below;
deficient
-spadias: slit, fissure
Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called nighttime bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis
enuresis
en-: in, within
ur: urine
-esis: condition
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease
edema
Painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition, such as cystitis
dysuria
dys-: bad; painful; difficult
-uria: urine
Increased formation and secretion of urine
diuresis
di-: double
ur: urine
-esis: condition
Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
azoturia
azot: nitrogenous compounds
-uria: urine
vesic/o/cele
hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder
Also referred to as Cystocele
vesic/o: bladder
-cele: hernia, swelling
cyst/o/scopy
cyst/o/: bladder
-scopy: visual examination
visual examinatin of the bladder
- regulating the body’s tissue fluid
- maintaining a balance of electrolytes
- maintaining an acid-base balance (pH) in blood
functions of the kidney
Which organ is responsible for formation of urine
the kidneys
organs of the urinary system
Remember KUBU
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
the body system that’s primary function is to remove the waste products of metabolism from blood by excreting them in urine
urinary system
ESRD
Looks like END
End-stage renal disease
specialties of a nephrologist
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
acute renal failure
kidney stones
high blood pressure
kidney transplantation
dialysis
is a physician who specializes in the care of patients with diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys
nephrologist
specializes in diagnosing and treating urinary problems in children.
pediatric urologist
specializes in treating urinary problems involving the female reproductive system,
urogynecologist
urologist:
1. performs surgery
2. treats urination problems, such as difficulty holding urine (incontinence) or obstruction of urinary flow as a result of tumors, stones, or other pathological conditions in the urinary organs. urologists manage male reproductive disorders, such as impotence (erectile dysfunction)
urologist
My kidneys are not functioning properly I need to dial the doctor to remove all this waste to regulate my body chemistry
Dialysis
Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
Urologist who treat males
Because the male urinary system is also part of their reproductive system, urologist will also treat men, these conditions include, but are not limited to, treatment of bladder cancer, infertility, and sexual dysfunctions.
Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female and the male urinary systems
Urologists
Symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
pH
Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
metabolism
Bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder
cystocele
cyst/o: bladder
-cele: hernia, swelling
urethr/o
urethra
I had bad diarrhea and have been depleted of potassium and sodium so I need to drink this so will be replenished
electrolytes
Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)
Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
dialysis
Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)
electrolytes
nephr/o or ren/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
adren/o or adrenal/o
adrenal gland
suprarenal gland
Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5 years, and includes common early signs, such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria; also called nephroblastoma
Wilms Tumor
Vilms
Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood, and eventually necessitating dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
ren: kidney
-al: pertaining to
cyst/o or vesic/o
bladder
vesicocele or cystocele
a hernial protusion of the urinary bladder
the main filtering unit of the kidney, composed of capillaries
glomerulus
the glomerulus always looks glamourous but I heard it’s just a filter!
glomerul/o/pathy
-pathy: disease
disease of the glomerulus, which is a filter in the kidney
meat/o
opening
meat/us
-us: condition, structure
opening or tunnel through any part of the body
hydr/o/nephr/osis
the abnormal condition of having water in the kidney
hydr/o: water
-osis: abnormal condition (used primarily with blood cells)
pyel/o/plasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
pyel/o: renal pelvis
-plasty: surgical repair
ur/o
urine
ur/emia or azotemia
urine in the blood
excessive levels of urea or other nitrogenous waste products in the blood,
ur/o:urine
-emia: blood condition
urinary
urin/o
pertaining to urine or the urinary tract
ureter/o/stenosis
narrowing or stricture of the ureter
-stenosis: narrowing, stricture
uret/o:ureter
urethr/o/cele
hernia or swelling of the urethra
urethr/o: urethra
-cele: hernia, swelling
lithiasis
abnormal condition of having a stone
lith/iasis
lith: stone, calculus
-iasis-abnormal condition of
dia/lysis
process of removing toxic wastes from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so
dia-: through, across
-lysis: separation, destruction, loosening
nephr/o/pathy
disease of the kidneys
-pexy
fixation (of an organ)
nephr/o/pexy
nephr/o: kidney
surgical fixation of a kidney
nephr/o/ptosis
downward displacement or dropping of the kidney
lith/o/tripsy
crushing of a stone
lith/o: stone, calculus
-tripsy:crushing
Olig
scanty or diminished amount
olig/uria
scanty of diminished capacity to form or pass urine
-uria
urine
olig: scanty
anuria
without urine
poly/uria
excessive urination
supra/ren/al
pertaining to the area above the kidney
supra-
above; excessive; superior
ren: kidney
-al: pertaining to
hematuria
blood in the urine
a physician who specializes in the care of patients with diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys
nephrologist
Chronic kidney disease
* is a gradual loss of kidney function that can lead to kidney failure
* this occurs when the kidneys get damaged overtime
* CKD also increases the risk of other health problems like heart disease and stroke
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Removing natural waste products and extra water from your body
- Helping make red blood cells
- Balancing important minerals in your body
- Helping maintain your blood pressure
- Keeping your bones healthy
job of the kidneys
Risk factors for CKD
Diabetes
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Heart disease and/or heart failure
Obesity
Over the age of 60
Family history of CKD or kidney failure
Personal history of acute kidney injury (AKI)
Smoking and/or use of tobacco products
- a genetic disorder
- causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid.
- If too many cysts grow or if they get too big, the kidneys can become damaged
- PKD cysts can slowly replace much of the kidneys, reducing kidney function and leading to kidney failure.
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
This system removes the waste products of metabolism from blood by excreting them in urine
urinary system
