Blood, lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
is the study of the blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissue
Hematology
Physicians who specialize in the study and treatment of blood and blood disorders
hematologist
Hematologists:
-Hematologists treat malignant (cancerous) and nonmalignant blood diseases
-first to use chemical therapies (chemotherapy) to treat hematological malignancies.
-discovered that these treatments could also be effective on the so-called solid tumors, such as breast, lung, and stomach cancers (previously treated only with surgery).hematology became closely associated with the medical specialty of oncology (cancer treatment)
Hematologists
Blood
-major function of blood is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from the cells
-The two main components of blood are plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]), leukocytes (white blood cells [WBCs]), and platelets (clotting cells).
Functions of Blood
Erythrocytes deliver oxygen to the body tissues via the circulatory system
Job of the red blood cells erythrocytes
Leukocytes provide a line of defense against pathogens
job of white blood cells leukocytes
Platelets have a clotting ability that prevents excessive loss of blood.
the function of platelets
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are produced in the bone marrow by a process called hematopoiesis.
hematopoisesis- the process by which white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets are produced in bone marrow
-lymph
-lymph vessels
-lymph nodes,
-three organs: the tonsils, thymus, and spleen
The lymphatic system
The lymph circulating through the lymphatic system comes from the blood. It contains WBCs (leukocytes) responsible for immunity, monocytes, and lymphocytes
the role of White blood cells in the lymphatic system
the study of the body’s protection from invading organisms (viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and even larger parasites) and its responses to them
Immunology
Anything that causes and immune response
antigen
Types of antigens
harmless grass pollen, or harmful, such as the flu virus.
pathogens
Disease-causing antigens such as the flu virus
The body’s ability to fight disease and protect itself depends on an adequately functioning
immune response
medical specialist who studies and treats the body’s defense mechanism against invasion of foreign substances that cause disease also aids when the immune system breaks down and the body loses its ability to recognize antigens or its ability to mount an attack against them
immunologist
When the immune system to reacts in a manner disadvantageous to the body by way of allergic or autoimmune diseases
autoimmune diseases
-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
-immune complex diseases, such as malaria and viral hepatitis; -
-autoimmune diseases, such as lupus; transplanted cells and organs; allergies; and various cancer types related to the immune system.
immunodifficiency diseases
clumping and gluing
agglutination
agglutin/ation
Process by which particles are caused to adhere and form into clumps
agglutination
embol/o
embolus: plug
embol/ectomy
excision of an embolus, either surgically or with enzymes that dissolve the clot
leuk/emia
leuk/o: white
-emia: blood condition
white blood; hematological malignancies of the bone marrow cells
A toxin, bacterium, or foreign cell that is introduced into the body and stimulates the production of antibodies
antigens
any microorganism capable of producing disease
pathogen
component of blood whose function is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot
platelets or thrombocytes
a type of pneumonia seen in patients with AIDS
pneumocystis pneumonia
