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Medical Terminology > Body Structure > Flashcards

Body Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Toward the front of the body, organ, or structure

A

anterior

anter: anterior, front
-ior: pertaining to

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2
Q

Pertaining to the front and back of the body or passing from the front to the back of the body

A

anteroposterior

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3
Q

Pertaining to below, lower, or toward the tail

A

inferior

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4
Q

Process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce images of an internal area, organ, or tissue of the body

A

scan

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5
Q

molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of the body

A

cellular level

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6
Q

groups of cells that work together to perform a specialized function

A

tissue level

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7
Q

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shape

A

organ level

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8
Q

related organs with a common function; also called organ-system level

A

sytem level

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9
Q

collection of body systems that makes up the most complex level: a living human being. All parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism.

A

organism level

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10
Q

the standard reference position of the body

A

anatomical position

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11
Q

the person stands erect, the eyes look straight ahead, the arms are at the sides of the body with the palms of the hand turned forward, and the feet are parallel to one another and flat on the floor.

A

anatomical position

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12
Q

the relationship of one body part to another in reference to the anatomical position

A

directional terms

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13
Q

Movement toward the midline of the body

A

ADDuctive movement
you are adding a part to the body

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14
Q

away from the midline of the body

A

abductive movement

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15
Q

Above or higher; toward the head

A

Superior (cephalic, cranial)

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16
Q

Below or lower; toward the tail

A

inferior (cadual)

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17
Q

Front of the body; toward the front

A

anterior (ventral)

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18
Q

Back of the body; toward the back

A

Posterior (dorsal)

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19
Q

Pertaining to the middle; toward the midline

A

medial

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20
Q

Pertaining to the side; toward the side

A

lateral

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21
Q

Outside, exterior to

A

external

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22
Q

Within, interior to

A

Internal

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23
Q

Toward or on the surface

A

superficial

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24
Q

Away from the surface

A

deep

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25
Q

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

A

proximal

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26
Q

Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

A

distal

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27
Q

Pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity

A

perietal

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28
Q

Pertaining to the organs within a cavity

A

visceral

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29
Q

vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides the body or organ into equal right and left sides; also called midsagittal plane

A

median plane

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30
Q

plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; also called coronal plane

A

frontal plane

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31
Q

plane that separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions; also called transverse plane

A

horizontal plane

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32
Q

hollow spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs.

A

body cavities

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33
Q

what are the two main body cavities

A

dorsal (back of the body)
ventral (front of the body)

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34
Q

Name the 3 divisions of the dorsal cavity

A

(1) cranial
(2) spinal cavities
contains the brain and the spinal cord
(3) diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle, separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and plays an important role in breathing

35
Q

The ventral cavity is subdivided into 4 parts

A

(4) thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs,
(5) abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity is further subdivided into the
(6) abdominal
(7) pelvic cavities and contains organs of the digestive and reproductive systems.

36
Q

contains the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines.

A

right upper quadrant
RUQ

37
Q

contains part of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter.

A

Right lower quadrant
RLQ

38
Q

contains the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines

A

left upper quadrant
LUQ

39
Q

contains part of the small and large intestines, the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter.

A

Left lower quadrant
LLQ

40
Q

upper right region located under the cartilage of the ribs

A

right hypchondriac

41
Q

upper left region located under the cartilage of the ribs

A

left hypochondriac

42
Q

middle right region located near the waist

A

right lumbar

43
Q

middle left region located near the waist

A

left lumbar

44
Q

lower right region located near the groin (also called right inguinal region)

A

right iliac

45
Q

lower left region located near the groin (also called left inguinal region)

A

left iliac

46
Q

middle region located above the stomach

A

epigastric

47
Q

middle region located in the area of the umbilicus, or navel

48
Q

lower middle region located below the stomach and umbilical region

A

hypogastric

49
Q

he patient is assisted into kneeling position with the buttocks elevated. The head and chest are on the table, and the arms are extended above the head and flexed at the elbow. This position facilitates examination of the rectum

A

knee-chest position

50
Q

The patient is assisted into supine (lying on the back) position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed in stirrups. This position is used for vaginal examination and the Papanicolaou (Pap) test

A

lithotomy position

51
Q

The patient is assisted into a supine position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed on the table. This position is used to examine the vagina and the rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient

A

dorsal recumbent position

52
Q

The patient is assisted into side-lying position on the left side. The left arm is placed behind the body, and the right arm is moved forward and flexed at the elbow. Both legs are flexed at the knee, but the right leg is sharply flexed and positioned next to the left leg, which is slightly flexed. This position is used to examine the vagina and the rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient. Sims position is also used to administer an enema

A

Sims position

53
Q

The patient is assisted to lie flat on the abdomen with the head turned slightly to the side. The arms are extended above the head or alongside the body. Prone position is used to examine the back, spine, and lower extremities

A

prone position

54
Q

The patient is assisted into semisitting position. The head of the examination table is tilted to produce a 45- to 60-degree angle, with the patient’s knees bent or not bent. An angle of 45 degrees or greater is considered the high Fowler position; an angle of approximately 30 degrees is considered semi-Fowler position. This position promotes lung expansion. It is used if the patient has difficulty breathing

A

Fowler Position

55
Q

The patient is assisted to lie flat on the back with arms at the sides. This position is used to examine the chest, heart, abdomen, and extremities. It is also used to examine the head and neck, as well as in certain neurological reflex tests

A

supine position

56
Q

caud/ad
-ad: toward

A

toward the tail

57
Q

cephal/ad
cephal/o
-ad: toward

A

toward the head

58
Q

cervic/al
-al: pertaining to

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
cervic/o

59
Q

cranium (skull)
crani/al
crani/o
-al: pertaining to

A

pertaining to the cranium or skull

60
Q

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)
ili/ac
ili/o
-ac: pertaining to

A

pertaining to the ilium

61
Q

inguin/o
inguin/al
-al: pertaining to

A

pertaining to the groin

62
Q

lumb/o
lumb/ar
-ar: pertaining to

A

loins (lower back)

63
Q

Meaning Medical Word Meaning
umbilic/o
umbilic/al
-al: pertaining to

A

umbilicus, navel

64
Q

cyt/o
cell
cyt/o/meter
-meter: instrument
for measuring

A

instrument for counting and measuring cells

65
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

66
Q

-ad

68
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

69
Q

mediad

A

toward the middle

70
Q

Band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other

71
Q

Protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

A

inflammation

72
Q

Body’s inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rates, and low blood pressure

73
Q

Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

74
Q

Radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images

A

fluoroscopy

75
Q

Identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins, which can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder; greater than 1,000 genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed

A

genetic testing

76
Q

Radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

A

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

77
Q

Diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical substance called a tracer; usually introduced into the body by ingestion, inhalation, or injection

A

nuclear scan

78
Q

Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

79
Q

Drug that contains a radioactive substance, which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned

A

radiophamaceutical

80
Q

Radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth

A

tomography

81
Q

arrow beam of x-rays with a contrast medium (provides more detail) or without a contrast medium that targets a specific organ or body area to produce multiple cross-sectional images for detecting pathological conditions, such as tumors or metastases

A

computed tomograph

82
Q

Nuclear imaging study that combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals to produce a cross-sectional image of radioactive dispersements in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism; useful in evaluating Alzheimer disease and epilepsy

A

positron emission tomography (PET)

83
Q

Nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image from a composite of numerous views; used to show how blood flows to an organ and helps determine how well the organ is functioning

A

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

84
Q

Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound (ultrasound) waves that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

A

ultrasonography

Medical Terminology (55 decks)

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