musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint
arthroplasty
arthr: joint
-plasty: surgical repair
Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness
arthritis
arthr: joint
itis: inflammation
Connection between two bones; also called a joint
articulation
Shortening or tightening of a muscle
contraction
Pertaining to muscles and the skeleton
musculoskeletal
muscul/o: muscle
skelet: skeleton
-al: pertaining to
Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
radiography
radi/o: radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
-graphy: process of recording
the tinmans oil can is full of synovial fluid, he sprays it on his joints so they can move freely
Lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint
synovial fluid
is the branch of medicine concerned with prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
orthopedics
musculoskeletal disorders
disease of the body’s:
* bones
* joints, ligaments
* muscles
* tendons.
Theses doctores employ medical, physical, and surgical methods, such as hip arthroplasty, to restore function that is lost as a result of injury to or disease of the musculoskeletal system. They also coordinate their treatments with other health care providers, such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, and sports medicine physicians.
orthopedists
This medical doctor specializes in treatment of arthritis and other diseases of joints, muscles, and bones.
rheumatologist
a system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves
chiropractic medicine
Another health care provider, **not categorized as a physican **who treats musculoskeletal disorders
They do not employ drugs or surgery, the primary basis of treatment used by medical physicians
Do employ radiography to diagnose pathological disorders and determine the most effective type of treatment.
Most treatment involves physical manipulation of the spinal column.
Chiropractor
parts of the musculoskeletal system include:
muscles, bones, joints, and related structures, such as the tendons and connective tissue, these structures function to support and move body parts and organs
Muscles perform four primary functions:
- producing body movements
- stabilizing body positions
- storing and moving substances within the body
- generating heat
What muscle function helps the body maintain posture
contraction
What are some involuntary motions provided by muscle?
- the passage and elimination of food through the digestive system
- propulsion of blood through the arteries
- contraction of the bladder to eliminate urine
The main function of bones
- skeleton that supports and protects the body
- serves as a storage area for mineral salts, especially calcium and phosphorus
what do you call the point at which bones articulate
joint
the part of the skull that contains the brain
cranium
crani/o
upper fixed bone of the jaw
maxilla
maxill/o
lower jaw bone
mandible
collarbone
clavicle
clavicul/o
the shoulder blade, the bone that connects the humerus with the clavicle
scapula
scapul/o
The long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow
humerus
humer/o
a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest
sternum
stern/o
the long curved bones which form the rib cage
ribs
cost/o
bones of the spinal column
vertebra
vertebr/o
one of the two large bones of the forearm, It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, thicker than the ulna
radius
radi/o
a long bone in the forearm stretching from the elbow to the wrist. It is on the same side of the forearm as the little finger, running parallel to the radius Longer and thinner than the radius, considered to be the smaller long bone of the lower arm
ulna
uln/o
is a concave surface of the pelvis
acetabulum
Uppermost and largest part of the hip bone
illium
ili/o
Ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis
pubis
pubi/o
Lower and back part of the hip bone
ischium
ischi/o
Cartilaginous joint that sits between and joints the left and right superior rami of the pubic bones
symphysis pubis
The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist that connects the hand to the forearm
carpal
carp/o
Bones of hand
metacarpals
metacarp/o
the long bones that form the fingers and thumbs in human hands
phalanges
phalang/o
thigh bone
femur
femor/o
knee bone
patella
patell/o
he shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates; it connects the knee with the ankle
tibia
tibi/o
calf bone is a leg bone on the lateral side of the tibia, to which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones.
fibula
fibul/o
set of seven irregularly shaped bones situated proximally in the foot in the ankle area.
tarsals
tars/o
connect the phalanges to the tarsals, There are five in number – one for each digit.
metatarsals
metatars/o
the bones of the toes
phalanges
phalang/o
band (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
fascia
fasci/o
surgical repair of the fascia
fascioplasty
Tumor of the fibrous tissue
fìbr/oma
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
-oma: tumor
tumor of smooth tissue
leiomy/oma
leiomy/o: smooth muscle (visceral)
-oma: tumor
pain in the loins (lower back)
lumb/o/dynia
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
-dynia; pain
pertaining to the muscles
muscul/ar
muscul/o:muscle
-ar: pertaining to
rupture of the muscle
my/o/rrhexis
my/o
-rrhexis: rupture
incision of the tendon
ten/o/tomy
ten/o: tendon
-tomy: incision
surgical repair of the tendon
tend/o/plasty
tend/o:tendon
-plasty: surgical repair
inflammation of the tendon usually caused from strain
tendin/itis
tendin/o:tendon
-itis: inflammation
downward displacement of the wrist:* Drop wrist*
carp/o/ptosis
carp/o: carpus (wrist bones)
-ptosis: prolapse, downward displacement
pertaining to the neck
cervic/al
cervic/o: neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
-al: pertaining to
beneath the ribs
sub/cost/al
cost/o:ribs
sub-: under, below
-al: pertaining to
incision through the cranium, usually to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures
crani/o:cranium (skull)
crani/o/tomy
-tomy: incision
pertaining to the humerus
humer/al
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
-al: pertaining to
excision or resection of one or more metacarpal bones
metacarp/ectomy
metacarp/o
metacarpus (hand bones)
-ectomy: excision, removal
inflammation of one or more phalanges
phalang/itis
phalang/o
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
-itis: inflammation
inflammation of any of the vertebrea, usually characterized by stiffness and pain
spondyl/itis
spondyl/o:vertebra (backbone)
vertebra (backbone)
-itis: inflammation
pertaining to the vertebrea of spinal column
vertebr/al
vertebr/o:vertebrea
-al: pertaining to
pertaining to the sternum or ribs
stern/o/cost/al
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
cost: ribs
-al: pertaining to
painful condition of the heel
calcane/o/dynia
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
-dynia: pain
pertaining to the femur
femor/o:femur (thigh bone)
-al: pertaining to
pertaining to the fibula
fibul/ar
fibul/o:fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)
-ar: pertaining to
patell/ectomy
patell/o:patella (kneecap)
-ectomy: excision, removal
measurement of pelvic dimensions or proportions
pelv/i/metry
pelv/it
pelvis
-metry: act of measuring
X-ray image
radi/o/graph
radi/o:radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)
-graph: instrument for recording
pertaining to the tibia (shin bone)
tibi/al
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
-al: pertaining to
immobility of a joint
ankyl/osis
ankyl/o:stiffness; bent, crooked
-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
surgical fixation of the joint
arthr/o/desis
arthr/o:joint
-desis: binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
inflammation of the cartilage of the anterior chest wall (ribs)
cost/o/chondr/itis
chondr/o:cartilage
cost/o: ribs
-itis: inflammation
excision of the lamina (boney arches of the vertebrae
lamin/ectomy
lamin/o: lamina (part of vertebral arch)
-ectomy: excision, removal
herniation of the spinal cord
myel/o/cele
myel/o:bone marrow; spinal cord
-cele: hernia, swelling
porous bone
oste/o/porosis
oste/o:bone
-porosis: porous
surgical breaking of adhesions to improve mobility of the joint
arthr/o/clasia
-clasia: to break; surgical fracture
arthr/o: joint
cell that breaks down bone
-clast: to break
oste/o/clast
oste/o: bone
paralysis of one side of the body
-plegia: paralysis
hemi/plegia
hemi-: half
malignant tumor of muscle tissue
my/o/sarcoma
-sarcoma:malignant tumor of connective tissue
my/o: muscle
shaft or middle region of a long bone
dia/physis
dia-:through, across
-physis: growth
layer that covers the surface of a bone
peri/oste/um
peri-:around
oste: bone
um: structure, thing
